ofs | hex dump | ascii |
---|
0000 | 62 30 56 49 4d 20 38 2e 31 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 da 22 5f 61 7f 39 02 01 bc 40 00 00 72 67 64 64 | b0VIM.8.1........"_a.9...@..rgdd |
0020 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0040 | 00 00 00 00 69 7a 7a 79 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ....izzy........................ |
0060 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7e 72 67 64 64 2f 67 69 74 2f 73 69 67 73 75 6d 2f 73 69 67 | ............~rgdd/git/sigsum/sig |
0080 | 73 75 6d 2f 64 6f 63 2f 64 65 73 69 67 6e 2e 6d 64 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | sum/doc/design.md............... |
00a0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
00c0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
00e0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0100 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0120 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0140 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0160 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0180 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
01a0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
01c0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
01e0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0200 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0220 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0240 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0260 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0280 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
02a0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
02c0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
02e0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0300 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0320 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0340 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0360 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0380 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
03a0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
03c0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
03e0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 75 74 66 2d 38 0d 00 33 32 31 30 00 00 00 00 23 22 21 20 13 12 55 00 | .........utf-8..3210....#"!...U. |
0400 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0420 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0440 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0460 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0480 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
04a0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
04c0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
04e0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0500 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0520 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0540 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0560 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0580 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
05a0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
05c0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
05e0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0600 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0620 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0640 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0660 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0680 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
06a0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
06c0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
06e0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0700 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0720 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0740 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0760 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0780 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
07a0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
07c0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
07e0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0800 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0820 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0840 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0860 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0880 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
08a0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
08c0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
08e0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0900 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0920 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0940 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0960 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0980 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
09a0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
09c0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
09e0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0a00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0a20 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0a40 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0a60 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0a80 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0aa0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0ac0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0ae0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0b00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0b20 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0b40 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0b60 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0b80 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0ba0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0bc0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0be0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0c00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0c20 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0c40 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0c60 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0c80 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0ca0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0cc0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0ce0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0d00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0d20 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0d40 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0d60 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0d80 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0da0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0dc0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0de0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0e00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0e20 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0e40 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0e60 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0e80 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0ea0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0ec0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0ee0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0f00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0f20 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0f40 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0f60 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0f80 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0fa0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0fc0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
0fe0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1000 | 74 70 07 00 7f 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 45 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | tp..............E............... |
1020 | 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 39 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 46 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................9.......F....... |
1040 | 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 09 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7f 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1060 | 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 3c 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 87 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................<............... |
1080 | 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 07 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 43 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 c5 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................C............... |
10a0 | 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 44 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................D............... |
10c0 | 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 2b 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 4c 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................+.......L....... |
10e0 | 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1100 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1120 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1140 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1160 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1180 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
11a0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
11c0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
11e0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1200 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1220 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1240 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1260 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1280 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
12a0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
12c0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
12e0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1300 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1320 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1340 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1360 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1380 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
13a0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
13c0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
13e0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1400 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1420 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1440 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1460 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1480 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
14a0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
14c0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
14e0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1500 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1520 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1540 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1560 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1580 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
15a0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
15c0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
15e0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1600 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1620 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1640 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1660 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1680 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
16a0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
16c0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
16e0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1700 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1720 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1740 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1760 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1780 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
17a0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
17c0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
17e0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1800 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1820 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
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1de0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
1e00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
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1e40 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
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1fe0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
2000 | 61 64 00 00 03 00 00 00 33 01 00 00 00 10 00 00 45 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e5 0f 00 00 96 0f 00 00 | ad......3.......E............... |
2020 | 48 0f 00 00 00 0f 00 00 b0 0e 00 00 65 0e 00 00 1d 0e 00 00 ce 0d 00 00 ac 0d 00 00 ab 0d 00 00 | H...........e................... |
2040 | 98 0d 00 00 50 0d 00 00 03 0d 00 00 da 0c 00 00 d9 0c 00 00 cc 0c 00 00 7f 0c 00 00 41 0c 00 00 | ....P.......................A... |
2060 | 40 0c 00 00 13 0c 00 00 12 0c 00 00 fe 0b 00 00 b2 0b 00 00 86 0b 00 00 56 0b 00 00 21 0b 00 00 | @.......................V...!... |
2080 | c9 0a 00 00 90 0a 00 00 25 0a 00 00 24 0a 00 00 d4 09 00 00 94 09 00 00 6c 09 00 00 38 09 00 00 | ........%...$...........l...8... |
20a0 | 37 09 00 00 ea 08 00 00 9d 08 00 00 60 08 00 00 19 08 00 00 ce 07 00 00 cd 07 00 00 80 07 00 00 | 7...........`................... |
20c0 | 2f 07 00 00 e6 06 00 00 e5 06 00 00 d3 06 00 00 a6 06 00 00 65 06 00 00 36 06 00 00 de 05 00 00 | /...................e...6....... |
20e0 | ac 05 00 00 de 04 00 00 dd 04 00 00 8d 04 00 00 56 04 00 00 06 04 00 00 fc 03 00 00 92 03 00 00 | ................V............... |
2100 | 6b 03 00 00 6a 03 00 00 4c 03 00 00 02 03 00 00 b7 02 00 00 6b 02 00 00 6a 02 00 00 1c 02 00 00 | k...j...L...........k...j....... |
2120 | d1 01 00 00 81 01 00 00 33 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 70 6f 69 73 6f 6e 69 6e 67 2c 20 61 6e | ........3..........poisoning,.an |
2140 | 64 20 61 20 77 65 6c 6c 2d 64 65 66 69 6e 65 64 20 67 6f 73 73 69 70 20 70 72 6f 74 6f 63 6f 6c | d.a.well-defined.gossip.protocol |
2160 | 20 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 78 20 61 75 64 69 74 69 6e 67 20 6c 6f 67 69 63 2e | .without.complex.auditing.logic. |
2180 | 00 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 65 73 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 73 75 63 68 20 61 73 | .includes.considerations.such.as |
21a0 | 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 20 70 61 72 73 69 6e 67 2c 20 70 72 6f 74 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 67 61 69 | .simple.parsing,.protection.agai |
21c0 | 6e 73 74 20 6c 6f 67 20 73 70 61 6d 20 61 6e 64 00 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 20 6c 6f 67 20 6f 70 65 | nst.log.spam.and.example.log.ope |
21e0 | 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 61 6e 64 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 63 6f 6e 73 | rations.and.verification.in.cons |
2200 | 74 72 61 69 6e 65 64 20 65 6e 76 69 72 6f 6e 6d 65 6e 74 73 2e 20 20 54 68 69 73 00 57 65 20 77 | trained.environments...This.We.w |
2220 | 61 6e 74 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 69 6e 67 20 64 65 73 69 67 6e 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 65 | ant.the.resulting.design.to.be.e |
2240 | 61 73 79 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 64 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e 74 20 70 65 72 73 70 65 63 74 | asy.from.many.different.perspect |
2260 | 69 76 65 73 2c 20 66 6f 72 00 00 6d 69 6e 69 6d 61 6c 6c 79 20 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 64 20 6d 65 | ives,.for..minimally.required.me |
2280 | 74 61 64 61 74 61 2e 20 20 53 74 6f 72 69 6e 67 20 64 61 74 61 20 61 6e 64 20 72 69 63 68 20 6d | tadata...Storing.data.and.rich.m |
22a0 | 65 74 61 64 61 74 61 20 69 73 20 61 20 6e 6f 6e 2d 67 6f 61 6c 2e 00 67 65 6e 65 72 61 6c 2e 20 | etadata.is.a.non-goal..general.. |
22c0 | 20 54 68 65 72 65 66 6f 72 65 2c 20 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 73 20 61 6c 6c 6f 77 20 6c 6f | .Therefore,.sigsum.logs.allow.lo |
22e0 | 67 67 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 73 69 67 6e 65 64 20 63 68 65 63 6b 73 75 6d 20 61 6e 64 20 73 6f 6d | gging.of.signed.checksum.and.som |
2300 | 65 00 54 68 65 20 67 6f 61 6c 20 6f 66 20 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 20 69 73 20 | e.The.goal.of.sigsum.logging.is. |
2320 | 74 6f 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 61 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 27 73 20 6b 65 79 2d 75 73 61 67 65 20 74 72 61 | to.make.a.signer's.key-usage.tra |
2340 | 6e 73 70 61 72 65 6e 74 20 69 6e 00 23 23 23 20 31 2e 31 20 2d 20 47 6f 61 6c 73 20 61 6e 64 20 | nsparent.in.###.1.1.-.Goals.and. |
2360 | 6e 6f 6e 2d 73 63 6f 70 65 00 00 54 68 69 73 20 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 73 20 61 62 6f 75 | non-scope..This.document.is.abou |
2380 | 74 20 6f 75 72 20 6c 6f 67 20 64 65 73 69 67 6e 2e 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5b 63 6c 61 69 6d | t.our.log.design..........[claim |
23a0 | 61 6e 74 20 6d 6f 64 65 6c 5d 28 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 67 69 74 68 75 62 2e 63 6f 6d 2f 67 6f | ant.model](https://github.com/go |
23c0 | 6f 67 6c 65 2f 74 72 69 6c 6c 69 61 6e 2f 62 6c 6f 62 2f 6d 61 73 74 65 72 2f 64 6f 63 73 2f 63 | ogle/trillian/blob/master/docs/c |
23e0 | 6c 61 69 6d 61 6e 74 6d 6f 64 65 6c 2f 43 6f 72 65 4d 6f 64 65 6c 2e 6d 64 29 2e 00 75 73 69 6e | laimantmodel/CoreModel.md)..usin |
2400 | 67 20 74 68 65 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5b 73 65 70 61 72 61 74 65 20 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 | g.the.........[separate.document |
2420 | 5d 28 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 67 69 74 2e 73 69 67 73 75 6d 2e 6f 72 67 2f 73 69 67 73 75 6d 2f | ](https://git.sigsum.org/sigsum/ |
2440 | 74 72 65 65 2f 64 6f 63 2f 63 6c 61 69 6d 61 6e 74 2e 6d 64 29 00 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 74 | tree/doc/claimant.md).document.t |
2460 | 68 65 6d 20 62 61 73 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 77 68 61 74 20 70 65 6f 70 6c 65 20 61 72 65 20 77 6f 72 | hem.based.on.what.people.are.wor |
2480 | 6b 69 6e 67 20 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 61 00 54 68 65 72 65 20 61 72 65 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 6f 74 68 65 | king.on.in.a.There.are.many.othe |
24a0 | 72 20 75 73 65 2d 63 61 73 65 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 20 | r.use-cases.that.sigsum.logging. |
24c0 | 63 61 6e 20 68 65 6c 70 20 77 69 74 68 2e 20 20 57 65 20 69 6e 74 65 6e 64 20 74 6f 00 00 09 5b | can.help.with...We.intend.to...[ |
24e0 | 5c 5b 6e 75 73 65 6e 75 2d 64 72 61 66 74 5c 5d 5d 28 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 67 69 74 6c 61 62 | \[nusenu-draft\]](https://gitlab |
2500 | 2e 74 6f 72 70 72 6f 6a 65 63 74 2e 6f 72 67 2f 6e 75 73 65 6e 75 2f 74 6f 72 73 70 65 63 2f 2d | .torproject.org/nusenu/torspec/- |
2520 | 2f 62 6c 6f 62 2f 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 2d 77 6f 74 2d 66 6f 72 2d 72 65 6c 61 79 2d 6f 70 65 72 61 | /blob/simple-wot-for-relay-opera |
2540 | 74 6f 72 2d 69 64 73 2f 70 72 6f 70 6f 73 61 6c 73 2f 69 64 65 61 73 2f 78 78 78 2d 73 69 6d 70 | tor-ids/proposals/ideas/xxx-simp |
2560 | 6c 65 2d 72 65 6c 61 79 2d 6f 70 65 72 61 74 6f 72 2d 77 6f 74 2e 6d 64 23 61 2d 73 69 6d 70 6c | le-relay-operator-wot.md#a-simpl |
2580 | 65 2d 77 65 62 2d 6f 66 2d 74 72 75 73 74 2d 66 6f 72 2d 74 6f 72 2d 72 65 6c 61 79 2d 6f 70 65 | e-web-of-trust-for-tor-relay-ope |
25a0 | 72 61 74 6f 72 2d 69 64 73 29 2e 00 2d 20 41 20 74 72 75 73 74 20 61 6e 63 68 6f 72 20 62 65 68 | rator-ids)..-.A.trust.anchor.beh |
25c0 | 61 76 65 73 20 61 63 63 6f 72 64 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 70 6f 6c 69 63 79 00 09 5b | aves.according.to.some.policy..[ |
25e0 | 5c 5b 53 52 49 5c 5d 5d 28 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 64 65 76 65 6c 6f 70 65 72 2e 6d 6f 7a 69 6c | \[SRI\]](https://developer.mozil |
2600 | 6c 61 2e 6f 72 67 2f 65 6e 2d 55 53 2f 64 6f 63 73 2f 57 65 62 2f 53 65 63 75 72 69 74 79 2f 53 | la.org/en-US/docs/Web/Security/S |
2620 | 75 62 72 65 73 6f 75 72 63 65 5f 49 6e 74 65 67 72 69 74 79 29 00 2d 20 41 20 64 6f 6d 61 69 6e | ubresource_Integrity).-.A.domain |
2640 | 20 64 6f 65 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 73 65 72 76 65 20 6d 61 6c 69 63 69 6f 75 73 20 6a 61 76 61 73 63 | .does.not.serve.malicious.javasc |
2660 | 72 69 70 74 00 09 5b 5c 5b 42 54 5c 5d 5d 28 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 77 69 6b 69 2e 6d 6f 7a 69 | ript..[\[BT\]](https://wiki.mozi |
2680 | 6c 6c 61 2e 6f 72 67 2f 53 65 63 75 72 69 74 79 2f 42 69 6e 61 72 79 5f 54 72 61 6e 73 70 61 72 | lla.org/Security/Binary_Transpar |
26a0 | 65 6e 63 79 29 00 2d 20 45 76 65 72 79 6f 6e 65 20 67 65 74 73 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 65 | ency).-.Everyone.gets.the.same.e |
26c0 | 78 65 63 75 74 61 62 6c 65 20 62 69 6e 61 72 69 65 73 00 45 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 73 20 69 6e 63 6c | xecutable.binaries.Examples.incl |
26e0 | 75 64 65 3a 00 00 62 6c 6f 63 6b 20 74 68 61 74 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 | ude:..block.that.can.be.used.to. |
2700 | 66 61 63 69 6c 69 74 61 74 65 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 66 61 6c 73 69 | facilitate.verification.of.falsi |
2720 | 66 69 61 62 6c 65 20 63 6c 61 69 6d 73 2e 00 69 64 65 61 20 69 73 20 74 6f 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 61 | fiable.claims..idea.is.to.make.a |
2740 | 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 27 73 20 5f 6b 65 79 2d 75 73 61 67 65 5f 20 74 72 61 6e 73 70 61 72 65 6e | .signer's._key-usage_.transparen |
2760 | 74 2e 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 61 20 70 6f 77 65 72 66 75 6c 20 62 75 69 6c 64 69 6e 67 00 | t...This.is.a.powerful.building. |
2780 | 53 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 73 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 69 74 20 70 6f 73 73 69 62 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 | Sigsum.logs.make.it.possible.to. |
27a0 | 61 6e 73 77 65 72 73 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 74 79 70 65 73 20 6f 66 20 71 75 65 73 74 69 6f 6e 73 | answers.these.types.of.questions |
27c0 | 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 62 61 73 69 63 00 00 69 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 69 6e 67 20 70 61 72 | ...The.basic..if.the.signing.par |
27e0 | 74 79 20 77 61 73 20 66 6f 72 63 65 64 20 74 6f 20 73 69 67 6e 20 6d 61 6c 69 63 69 6f 75 73 20 | ty.was.forced.to.sign.malicious. |
2800 | 64 61 74 61 20 61 67 61 69 6e 73 74 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 77 69 6c 6c 3f 00 48 6f 77 20 77 6f 75 | data.against.their.will?.How.wou |
2820 | 6c 64 20 77 65 20 64 65 74 65 63 74 20 69 66 20 73 6f 6d 65 74 68 69 6e 67 20 77 61 73 20 73 69 | ld.we.detect.if.something.was.si |
2840 | 67 6e 65 64 20 62 79 20 6d 69 73 74 61 6b 65 2c 20 6f 72 20 65 76 65 6e 20 77 6f 72 73 65 2c 00 | gned.by.mistake,.or.even.worse,. |
2860 | 48 6f 77 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 77 65 20 64 65 74 65 63 74 20 69 66 20 61 20 73 65 63 72 65 74 20 | How.would.we.detect.if.a.secret. |
2880 | 73 69 67 6e 69 6e 67 20 6b 65 79 20 67 6f 74 20 63 6f 6d 70 72 6f 6d 69 73 65 64 3f 00 77 68 65 | signing.key.got.compromised?.whe |
28a0 | 74 68 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 65 64 20 64 61 74 61 20 69 73 20 5f 61 63 74 75 61 6c 6c | ther.the.signed.data.is._actuall |
28c0 | 79 20 74 68 65 20 64 61 74 61 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 68 61 76 65 20 62 65 65 6e | y.the.data.that.should.have.been |
28e0 | 20 73 69 67 6e 65 64 5f 2e 00 54 68 65 20 70 72 6f 62 6c 65 6d 20 77 69 74 68 20 5f 6a 75 73 74 | .signed_..The.problem.with._just |
2900 | 20 64 69 67 69 74 61 6c 20 73 69 67 6e 69 6e 67 5f 20 69 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 | .digital.signing_.is.that.it.is. |
2920 | 64 69 66 66 69 63 75 6c 74 20 74 6f 20 64 65 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 65 00 00 54 68 65 20 75 73 65 72 | difficult.to.determine..The.user |
2940 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 65 64 20 64 61 74 61 20 69 73 20 63 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 61 20 | .of.the.signed.data.is.called.a. |
2960 | 5f 76 65 72 69 66 69 65 72 5f 2e 00 54 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 69 6e 67 20 70 61 72 74 79 20 69 73 | _verifier_..The.signing.party.is |
2980 | 20 63 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 61 20 5f 73 69 67 6e 65 72 5f 2e 00 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 | .called.a._signer_..sigsum.loggi |
29a0 | 6e 67 20 61 73 20 70 72 65 2d 68 61 73 68 65 64 20 64 69 67 69 74 61 6c 20 73 69 67 6e 69 6e 67 | ng.as.pre-hashed.digital.signing |
29c0 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 72 61 6e 73 70 61 72 65 6e 63 79 2e 00 41 20 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 | .with.transparency..A.sigsum.log |
29e0 | 20 62 72 69 6e 67 73 20 74 72 61 6e 73 70 61 72 65 6e 63 79 20 74 6f 20 2a 2a 73 69 67 2a 2a 6e | .brings.transparency.to.**sig**n |
2a00 | 65 64 20 63 68 65 63 6b 2a 2a 73 75 6d 2a 2a 73 2e 20 20 59 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 74 68 69 6e 6b | ed.check**sum**s...You.can.think |
2a20 | 20 6f 66 00 00 09 5b 5c 5b 41 75 64 69 74 4c 6f 67 5c 5d 5d 28 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 74 72 61 | .of...[\[AuditLog\]](https://tra |
2a40 | 6e 73 70 61 72 65 6e 63 79 2e 64 65 76 2f 61 70 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 2f 72 65 6c 69 61 62 | nsparency.dev/application/reliab |
2a60 | 6c 79 2d 6c 6f 67 2d 61 6c 6c 2d 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 2d 70 65 72 66 6f 72 6d 65 64 2d 6f 6e 2d | ly-log-all-actions-performed-on- |
2a80 | 79 6f 75 72 2d 73 65 72 76 65 72 73 2f 29 2e 00 6f 72 20 69 73 20 73 6f 6d 65 6f 6e 65 20 72 75 | your-servers/)..or.is.someone.ru |
2aa0 | 6e 6e 69 6e 67 20 75 6e 65 78 70 65 63 74 65 64 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 20 6f 6e 20 79 6f 75 | nning.unexpected.commands.on.you |
2ac0 | 72 20 73 65 72 76 65 72 00 09 5b 5c 5b 43 68 65 63 6b 73 75 6d 44 42 5c 5d 5d 28 68 74 74 70 73 | r.server..[\[ChecksumDB\]](https |
2ae0 | 3a 2f 2f 67 6f 2e 67 6f 6f 67 6c 65 73 6f 75 72 63 65 2e 63 6f 6d 2f 70 72 6f 70 6f 73 61 6c 2f | ://go.googlesource.com/proposal/ |
2b00 | 2b 2f 6d 61 73 74 65 72 2f 64 65 73 69 67 6e 2f 32 35 35 33 30 2d 73 75 6d 64 62 2e 6d 64 29 2c | +/master/design/25530-sumdb.md), |
2b20 | 00 64 69 64 20 79 6f 75 20 67 65 74 20 61 20 64 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e 74 20 47 6f 20 6d 6f 64 75 | .did.you.get.a.different.Go.modu |
2b40 | 6c 65 20 74 68 61 6e 20 65 76 65 72 79 6f 6e 65 20 65 6c 73 65 00 09 5b 5c 5b 43 54 5c 5d 5d 28 | le.than.everyone.else..[\[CT\]]( |
2b60 | 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 74 6f 6f 6c 73 2e 69 65 74 66 2e 6f 72 67 2f 68 74 6d 6c 2f 72 66 63 36 | https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6 |
2b80 | 39 36 32 29 2c 00 61 72 65 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 61 6e 79 20 28 6d 69 73 2d 29 69 73 73 75 65 64 | 962),.are.there.any.(mis-)issued |
2ba0 | 20 54 4c 53 20 63 65 72 74 69 66 69 63 61 74 65 73 00 54 72 61 6e 73 70 61 72 65 6e 63 79 20 6c | .TLS.certificates.Transparency.l |
2bc0 | 6f 67 73 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 69 74 20 70 6f 73 73 69 62 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 64 65 74 65 63 74 20 75 | ogs.make.it.possible.to.detect.u |
2be0 | 6e 77 61 6e 74 65 64 20 65 76 65 6e 74 73 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 00 23 23 | nwanted.events...For.example,.## |
2c00 | 20 31 20 2d 20 49 6e 74 72 6f 64 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 00 00 50 6c 65 61 73 65 20 6c 65 74 20 75 73 | .1.-.Introduction..Please.let.us |
2c20 | 20 6b 6e 6f 77 20 69 66 20 79 6f 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 61 6e 79 20 66 65 65 64 62 61 63 6b 2e 00 | .know.if.you.have.any.feedback.. |
2c40 | 00 72 65 76 69 73 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 68 69 73 20 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 | .revision.of.this.document.will. |
2c60 | 62 75 6d 70 20 74 68 65 20 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 74 6f 20 76 31 2e 00 54 | bump.the.version.number.to.v1..T |
2c80 | 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 61 20 77 6f 72 6b 2d 69 6e 2d 70 72 6f 67 72 65 73 73 20 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 | his.is.a.work-in-progress.docume |
2ca0 | 6e 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 20 6d 6f 76 65 64 20 6f 72 20 6d 6f 64 69 66 69 65 64 | nt.that.may.be.moved.or.modified |
2cc0 | 2e 20 20 41 20 66 75 74 75 72 65 00 2a 2a 57 61 72 6e 69 6e 67 2e 2a 2a 00 00 43 65 72 74 69 66 | ...A.future.**Warning.**..Certif |
2ce0 | 69 63 61 74 65 20 54 72 61 6e 73 70 61 72 65 6e 63 79 20 73 6f 6c 76 65 73 20 61 6e 64 20 68 6f | icate.Transparency.solves.and.ho |
2d00 | 77 2e 00 73 69 67 6e 61 74 75 72 65 73 2c 20 68 61 73 68 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 2c 20 61 | w..signatures,.hash.functions,.a |
2d20 | 6e 64 20 4d 65 72 6b 6c 65 20 74 72 65 65 73 2e 20 20 59 6f 75 20 72 6f 75 67 68 6c 79 20 6b 6e | nd.Merkle.trees...You.roughly.kn |
2d40 | 6f 77 20 77 68 61 74 20 70 72 6f 62 6c 65 6d 00 59 6f 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 62 61 73 69 63 20 75 | ow.what.problem.You.have.basic.u |
2d60 | 6e 64 65 72 73 74 61 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 63 72 79 70 74 6f 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 20 70 72 | nderstanding.of.cryptographic.pr |
2d80 | 69 6d 69 74 69 76 65 73 2c 20 65 2e 67 2e 2c 20 64 69 67 69 74 61 6c 00 2a 2a 50 72 65 6c 69 6d | imitives,.e.g.,.digital.**Prelim |
2da0 | 69 6e 61 72 69 65 73 2e 2a 2a 00 00 6d 69 6e 69 6d 61 6c 69 73 6d 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 69 6d 70 | inaries.**..minimalism.that.simp |
2dc0 | 6c 69 66 69 65 73 20 75 73 61 67 65 2e 00 61 72 63 68 69 74 65 63 74 75 72 65 20 65 76 6f 6c 76 | lifies.usage..architecture.evolv |
2de0 | 65 73 20 61 72 6f 75 6e 64 20 63 65 6e 74 72 61 6c 69 7a 65 64 20 6c 6f 67 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 | es.around.centralized.log.operat |
2e00 | 69 6f 6e 73 2c 20 64 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 65 64 20 74 72 75 73 74 2c 20 61 6e 64 00 6d 61 6e | ions,.distributed.trust,.and.man |
2e20 | 61 67 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 65 78 65 63 75 74 61 62 6c 65 20 62 69 6e 61 72 69 65 73 20 61 | agement.of.executable.binaries.a |
2e40 | 6e 64 20 70 72 6f 76 65 6e 61 6e 63 65 20 61 72 65 20 74 77 6f 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 73 2e 20 | nd.provenance.are.two.examples.. |
2e60 | 20 4f 75 72 00 61 20 62 75 69 6c 64 69 6e 67 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b 20 74 68 61 74 20 63 61 6e 20 62 | .Our.a.building.block.that.can.b |
2e80 | 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 66 6f 72 20 61 20 76 61 72 69 65 74 79 20 6f 66 20 75 73 65 2d 63 61 73 65 | e.used.for.a.variety.of.use-case |
2ea0 | 73 2e 20 20 54 72 61 6e 73 70 61 72 65 6e 74 00 6d 61 6c 69 63 69 6f 75 73 20 61 6e 64 20 75 6e | s...Transparent.malicious.and.un |
2ec0 | 69 6e 74 65 6e 64 65 64 20 6b 65 79 2d 75 73 61 67 65 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 64 65 74 65 63 74 | intended.key-usage.can.be.detect |
2ee0 | 65 64 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 61 20 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 2e 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 69 73 00 | ed.using.a.sigsum.log...This.is. |
2f00 | 6c 6f 67 67 65 64 20 69 6e 20 6f 72 64 65 72 20 74 6f 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 73 69 67 6e 61 74 75 72 | logged.in.order.to.make.signatur |
2f20 | 65 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 74 72 61 6e 73 70 61 72 65 6e 74 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 20 65 | e.operations.transparent...For.e |
2f40 | 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 00 63 68 65 63 6b 73 75 6d 20 64 61 74 61 62 61 73 65 2c 20 65 78 63 65 70 | xample,.checksum.database,.excep |
2f60 | 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 63 72 79 70 74 6f 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 61 6c 6c 79 20 2a 2a 73 69 67 2a 2a | t.that.cryptographically.**sig** |
2f80 | 6e 65 64 20 63 68 65 63 6b 2a 2a 73 75 6d 2a 2a 73 20 61 72 65 00 57 65 20 70 72 6f 70 6f 73 65 | ned.check**sum**s.are.We.propose |
2fa0 | 20 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 2e 20 20 49 74 20 69 73 20 73 69 6d 69 6c 61 72 20 | .sigsum.logging...It.is.similar. |
2fc0 | 74 6f 20 43 65 72 74 69 66 69 63 61 74 65 20 54 72 61 6e 73 70 61 72 65 6e 63 79 20 61 6e 64 20 | to.Certificate.Transparency.and. |
2fe0 | 47 6f 27 73 00 23 20 53 69 67 73 75 6d 20 4c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 20 44 65 73 69 67 6e 20 76 30 00 | Go's.#.Sigsum.Logging.Design.v0. |
3000 | 61 64 00 00 b9 05 00 00 81 06 00 00 00 10 00 00 2b 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 b2 0f 00 00 b1 0f 00 00 | ad..............+............... |
3020 | 65 0f 00 00 17 0f 00 00 c9 0e 00 00 79 0e 00 00 78 0e 00 00 55 0e 00 00 14 0e 00 00 e9 0d 00 00 | e...........y...x...U........... |
3040 | 62 0d 00 00 17 0d 00 00 c8 0c 00 00 c7 0c 00 00 92 0c 00 00 42 0c 00 00 f5 0b 00 00 a4 0b 00 00 | b...................B........... |
3060 | 57 0b 00 00 0a 0b 00 00 e7 0a 00 00 e6 0a 00 00 99 0a 00 00 52 0a 00 00 0f 0a 00 00 0e 0a 00 00 | W...................R........... |
3080 | bd 09 00 00 bc 09 00 00 6e 09 00 00 1e 09 00 00 e0 08 00 00 82 08 00 00 81 08 00 00 72 08 00 00 | ........n...................r... |
30a0 | 32 08 00 00 ea 07 00 00 b5 07 00 00 7e 07 00 00 2e 07 00 00 f3 06 00 00 d1 06 00 00 a6 06 00 00 | 2...........~................... |
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32a0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
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35a0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
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3620 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
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3680 | 00 2d 20 57 68 61 74 20 70 6f 6c 69 63 79 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 61 20 62 65 6c 69 65 76 65 72 | .-.What.policy.should.a.believer |
36a0 | 20 75 73 65 3f 00 2d 20 48 6f 77 20 64 6f 65 73 20 69 74 20 77 6f 72 6b 20 77 69 74 68 20 6d 6f | .use?.-.How.does.it.work.with.mo |
36c0 | 72 65 20 74 68 61 6e 20 6f 6e 65 20 6c 6f 67 3f 00 2d 20 41 72 65 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 61 6e 79 | re.than.one.log?.-.Are.there.any |
36e0 | 20 70 72 69 76 61 63 79 20 63 6f 6e 63 65 72 6e 73 3f 00 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 | .privacy.concerns?.should.includ |
3700 | 65 20 60 67 65 74 2d 74 72 65 65 2d 68 65 61 64 2d 2a 60 20 65 6e 64 70 6f 69 6e 74 73 20 69 6e | e.`get-tree-head-*`.endpoints.in |
3720 | 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 64 65 74 61 69 6c 2e 00 2d 20 57 68 61 74 20 74 68 6f 75 67 68 74 20 77 65 6e | .more.detail..-.What.thought.wen |
3740 | 74 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 77 69 74 6e 65 73 73 20 63 6f 73 69 67 6e 69 6e 67 3f 20 20 43 6f 6d 70 61 | t.into.witness.cosigning?..Compa |
3760 | 72 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 61 70 70 72 6f 61 63 68 65 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 00 2d 20 | re.with.other.approaches,.and.-. |
3780 | 57 68 61 74 20 63 72 79 70 74 6f 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 20 70 72 69 6d 69 74 69 76 65 73 20 61 72 | What.cryptographic.primitives.ar |
37a0 | 65 20 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 65 64 20 61 6e 64 20 77 68 79 3f 00 2d 20 57 68 61 74 20 28 64 65 29 | e.supported.and.why?.-.What.(de) |
37c0 | 73 65 72 69 61 6c 69 7a 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 70 61 72 73 65 72 73 20 61 72 65 20 6e 65 65 64 65 64 | serialization.parsers.are.needed |
37e0 | 20 61 6e 64 20 77 68 79 3f 00 2d 20 57 68 79 20 6e 6f 74 20 73 74 6f 72 65 20 72 69 63 68 20 6d | .and.why?.-.Why.not.store.rich.m |
3800 | 65 74 61 64 61 74 61 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 67 3f 20 58 58 58 3a 20 61 6e 73 77 65 72 65 | etadata.in.the.log?.XXX:.answere |
3820 | 64 20 65 6e 6f 75 67 68 20 61 6c 72 65 61 64 79 3f 00 2d 20 57 68 79 20 6e 6f 74 20 73 74 6f 72 | d.enough.already?.-.Why.not.stor |
3840 | 65 20 64 61 74 61 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 67 3f 20 20 58 58 58 3a 20 61 6e 73 77 65 72 65 | e.data.in.the.log?..XXX:.answere |
3860 | 64 20 65 6e 6f 75 67 68 20 61 6c 72 65 61 64 79 3f 00 23 23 23 23 20 34 2e 33 20 2d 20 58 58 58 | d.enough.already?.####.4.3.-.XXX |
3880 | 00 00 09 5b 5c 5b 54 53 5c 5d 5d 28 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 67 69 74 2e 73 69 67 73 75 6d 2e 6f | ...[\[TS\]](https://git.sigsum.o |
38a0 | 72 67 2f 73 69 67 73 75 6d 2f 63 6f 6d 6d 69 74 2f 3f 69 64 3d 66 65 66 34 36 30 35 38 36 65 38 | rg/sigsum/commit/?id=fef460586e8 |
38c0 | 34 37 65 33 37 38 61 31 39 37 33 38 31 65 66 31 61 65 33 61 36 34 65 36 65 61 33 38 62 29 2e 00 | 47e378a197381ef1ae3a64e6ea38b).. |
38e0 | 74 68 65 20 74 69 6d 65 20 6f 66 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 2c 20 79 6f 75 20 6d 61 79 20 75 73 65 | the.time.of.logging,.you.may.use |
3900 | 20 61 20 63 6f 73 69 67 6e 65 64 20 74 72 65 65 20 68 65 61 64 20 69 6e 73 74 65 61 64 00 73 65 | .a.cosigned.tree.head.instead.se |
3920 | 74 20 69 74 20 61 73 20 6c 61 72 67 65 20 61 73 20 70 6f 73 73 69 62 6c 65 2e 20 20 49 66 20 61 | t.it.as.large.as.possible...If.a |
3940 | 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 65 64 20 74 69 6d 65 73 74 61 6d 70 20 69 73 20 6e 65 65 64 65 64 20 74 6f | .verified.timestamp.is.needed.to |
3960 | 20 72 65 61 73 6f 6e 20 61 62 6f 75 74 00 4e 6f 74 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 | .reason.about.Note.that.a.signer |
3980 | 27 73 20 73 68 61 72 64 20 68 69 6e 74 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 61 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 65 64 20 | 's.shard.hint.is.not.a.verified. |
39a0 | 74 69 6d 65 73 74 61 6d 70 2e 20 20 57 65 20 72 65 63 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 64 20 74 6f 00 00 53 75 63 | timestamp...We.recommend.to..Suc |
39c0 | 68 20 72 65 2d 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 63 6f 6d 65 73 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 72 | h.re-logging.also.comes.at.the.r |
39e0 | 69 73 6b 20 6f 66 20 61 63 74 69 76 61 74 69 6e 67 20 73 6f 6d 65 6f 6e 65 20 65 6c 73 65 27 73 | isk.of.activating.someone.else's |
3a00 | 20 72 61 74 65 20 6c 69 6d 69 74 73 2e 00 00 75 6e 73 75 73 74 61 69 6e 61 62 6c 65 20 69 6e 20 | .rate.limits...unsustainable.in. |
3a20 | 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 6e 67 20 72 75 6e 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 6c 6f 67 20 73 69 7a 65 73 20 67 | the.long.run.because.log.sizes.g |
3a40 | 72 6f 77 20 69 6e 64 65 66 69 6e 69 74 65 6c 79 2e 00 6e 65 77 65 72 20 6f 6e 65 20 74 68 61 74 | row.indefinitely..newer.one.that |
3a60 | 20 6a 75 73 74 20 73 74 61 72 74 65 64 20 69 74 73 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 20 20 54 | .just.started.its.operations...T |
3a80 | 68 69 73 20 6d 61 6b 65 73 20 6c 6f 67 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 00 57 69 74 68 6f 75 74 | his.makes.log.operations.Without |
3aa0 | 20 73 68 61 72 64 69 6e 67 2c 20 61 20 67 6f 6f 64 20 53 61 6d 61 72 69 74 61 6e 20 63 61 6e 20 | .sharding,.a.good.Samaritan.can. |
3ac0 | 61 64 64 20 61 6c 6c 20 6c 65 61 76 65 73 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 61 6e 20 6f 6c 64 20 6c 6f 67 20 69 | add.all.leaves.from.an.old.log.i |
3ae0 | 6e 74 6f 20 61 00 00 65 70 6f 63 68 20 28 4a 61 6e 75 61 72 79 20 31 2c 20 31 39 37 30 20 30 30 | nto.a..epoch.(January.1,.1970.00 |
3b00 | 3a 30 30 20 55 54 43 29 2e 00 69 6e 74 65 72 76 61 6c 20 61 72 65 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 73 69 76 65 | :00.UTC)..interval.are.inclusive |
3b20 | 20 61 6e 64 20 65 78 70 72 65 73 73 65 64 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 | .and.expressed.as.the.number.of. |
3b40 | 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 73 20 73 69 6e 63 65 20 74 68 65 20 55 4e 49 58 00 69 6e 74 65 72 76 61 6c 20 | seconds.since.the.UNIX.interval. |
3b60 | 69 73 20 64 65 66 69 6e 65 64 20 62 79 20 61 20 73 74 61 72 74 20 74 69 6d 65 20 61 6e 64 20 61 | is.defined.by.a.start.time.and.a |
3b80 | 6e 20 65 6e 64 20 74 69 6d 65 2e 20 20 42 6f 74 68 20 65 6e 64 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 68 | n.end.time...Both.ends.of.the.sh |
3ba0 | 61 72 64 00 73 68 61 72 64 20 68 69 6e 74 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 73 65 6c 65 63 74 65 64 20 73 68 | ard.shard.hint...The.selected.sh |
3bc0 | 61 72 64 20 68 69 6e 74 20 6d 75 73 74 20 62 65 20 69 6e 20 61 20 6c 6f 67 27 73 20 73 68 61 72 | ard.hint.must.be.in.a.log's.shar |
3be0 | 64 20 69 6e 74 65 72 76 61 6c 2e 20 20 41 20 73 68 61 72 64 00 63 61 72 72 79 20 61 6e 79 20 73 | d.interval...A.shard.carry.any.s |
3c00 | 75 63 68 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 20 54 68 65 72 65 66 6f 72 65 2c 20 77 65 20 | uch.information...Therefore,.we. |
3c20 | 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 20 73 65 6c 65 63 74 73 20 | require.that.the.signer.selects. |
3c40 | 61 00 55 6e 6c 69 6b 65 20 54 4c 53 20 63 65 72 74 69 66 69 63 61 74 65 73 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 | a.Unlike.TLS.certificates.which. |
3c60 | 61 6c 72 65 61 64 79 20 68 61 76 65 20 76 61 6c 69 64 69 74 79 20 72 61 6e 67 65 73 2c 20 61 20 | already.have.validity.ranges,.a. |
3c80 | 63 68 65 63 6b 73 75 6d 20 64 6f 65 73 20 6e 6f 74 00 23 23 23 23 20 34 2e 32 20 2d 20 57 68 61 | checksum.does.not.####.4.2.-.Wha |
3ca0 | 74 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 68 61 76 69 6e 67 20 61 20 73 68 61 72 64 | t.is.the.point.of.having.a.shard |
3cc0 | 20 68 69 6e 74 3f 00 00 61 62 6f 75 74 2e 20 20 57 65 20 61 72 65 20 73 74 69 6c 6c 20 6f 70 65 | .hint?..about...We.are.still.ope |
3ce0 | 6e 20 74 6f 20 72 65 6d 6f 76 65 2c 20 61 64 64 2c 20 6f 72 20 63 68 61 6e 67 65 20 74 68 69 6e | n.to.remove,.add,.or.change.thin |
3d00 | 67 73 20 69 66 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 6d 6f 74 69 76 61 74 65 64 2e 00 49 74 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 | gs.if.it.is.motivated..It.may.be |
3d20 | 20 69 6e 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 74 65 2c 20 62 75 74 20 63 6f 76 65 72 73 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 64 65 74 | .incomplete,.but.covers.some.det |
3d40 | 61 69 6c 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 72 65 20 77 6f 72 74 68 20 74 68 69 6e 6b 69 6e 67 20 6d 6f 72 | ails.that.are.worth.thinking.mor |
3d60 | 65 00 09 5b 32 30 32 31 2d 31 30 2d 30 35 5d 28 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 67 69 74 2e 73 69 67 73 | e..[2021-10-05](https://git.sigs |
3d80 | 75 6d 2e 6f 72 67 2f 73 69 67 73 75 6d 2f 74 72 65 65 2f 61 72 63 68 69 76 65 2f 32 30 32 31 2d | um.org/sigsum/tree/archive/2021- |
3da0 | 31 30 2d 30 35 2d 6f 70 65 6e 2d 64 65 73 69 67 6e 2d 74 68 6f 75 67 68 74 73 3f 69 64 3d 35 63 | 10-05-open-design-thoughts?id=5c |
3dc0 | 30 32 37 37 30 62 35 62 64 37 64 34 33 62 39 33 32 37 36 32 33 64 33 64 65 39 61 64 65 64 61 32 | 02770b5bd7d43b9327623d3de9adeda2 |
3de0 | 34 36 38 65 38 34 29 2e 00 41 20 62 72 69 65 66 20 73 75 6d 6d 61 72 79 20 61 70 70 65 61 72 65 | 468e84)..A.brief.summary.appeare |
3e00 | 64 20 69 6e 20 6f 75 72 20 61 72 63 68 69 76 65 20 6f 6e 00 23 23 23 23 20 34 2e 31 20 2d 20 57 | d.in.our.archive.on.####.4.1.-.W |
3e20 | 68 61 74 20 70 61 72 74 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 73 69 67 6e 20 61 72 65 20 77 65 20 73 | hat.parts.of.the.design.are.we.s |
3e40 | 74 69 6c 6c 20 74 68 69 6e 6b 69 6e 67 20 61 62 6f 75 74 3f 00 23 23 23 20 34 20 2d 20 46 72 65 | till.thinking.about?.###.4.-.Fre |
3e60 | 71 75 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 41 73 6b 65 64 20 51 75 65 73 74 69 6f 6e 73 00 00 63 68 65 63 6b 73 75 | quently.Asked.Questions..checksu |
3e80 | 6d 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 67 73 2c 20 67 65 6e 65 72 61 74 69 6e 67 20 61 6c 65 72 74 | ms.in.the.logs,.generating.alert |
3ea0 | 73 20 69 66 20 75 73 65 2d 63 61 73 65 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 69 63 20 63 6c 61 69 6d 73 20 61 72 | s.if.use-case.specific.claims.ar |
3ec0 | 65 20 66 61 6c 73 65 2e 00 61 6e 64 20 64 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 69 6e 67 20 6e 65 63 65 73 73 | e.false..and.distributing.necess |
3ee0 | 61 72 79 20 70 72 6f 6f 66 73 20 6f 66 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 2e 20 20 4d | ary.proofs.of.public.logging...M |
3f00 | 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 20 64 69 73 63 6f 76 65 72 20 73 69 67 6e 65 64 00 64 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 | onitor.discover.signed.distribut |
3f20 | 69 6f 6e 20 6d 65 63 68 61 6e 69 73 6d 2e 20 20 53 69 67 6e 65 72 73 20 61 72 65 20 72 65 73 70 | ion.mechanism...Signers.are.resp |
3f40 | 6f 6e 73 69 62 6c 65 20 66 6f 72 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 20 73 69 67 6e 65 64 20 63 68 65 63 6b | onsible.for.logging.signed.check |
3f60 | 73 75 6d 73 00 56 65 72 69 66 69 65 72 73 20 69 6e 74 65 72 61 63 74 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 | sums.Verifiers.interact.with.the |
3f80 | 20 6c 6f 67 73 20 69 6e 64 69 72 65 63 74 6c 79 20 74 68 72 6f 75 67 68 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 73 | .logs.indirectly.through.their.s |
3fa0 | 69 67 6e 65 72 27 73 20 65 78 69 73 74 69 6e 67 00 00 49 74 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 6b 65 65 70 73 20 | igner's.existing..It.also.keeps. |
3fc0 | 6c 6f 67 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 72 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 74 | log.operations.simpler.because.t |
3fe0 | 68 65 72 65 20 61 72 65 20 66 65 77 65 72 20 62 79 74 65 73 20 74 6f 20 6d 61 6e 61 67 65 2e 00 | here.are.fewer.bytes.to.manage.. |
4000 | 61 64 00 00 8a 0d 00 00 ca 0d 00 00 00 10 00 00 09 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 b1 0f 00 00 6a 0f 00 00 | ad..........................j... |
4020 | 59 0f 00 00 04 0f 00 00 03 0f 00 00 b4 0e 00 00 66 0e 00 00 16 0e 00 00 ca 0d 00 00 bf 0d 00 00 | Y...............f............... |
4040 | be 0d 00 00 72 0d 00 00 28 0d 00 00 de 0c 00 00 d5 0c 00 00 85 0c 00 00 81 0c 00 00 28 0c 00 00 | ....r...(...................(... |
4060 | dd 0b 00 00 dc 0b 00 00 ce 0b 00 00 80 0b 00 00 62 0b 00 00 5e 0b 00 00 32 0b 00 00 f5 0a 00 00 | ................b...^...2....... |
4080 | b4 0a 00 00 76 0a 00 00 3e 0a 00 00 fd 09 00 00 bc 09 00 00 7b 09 00 00 43 09 00 00 07 09 00 00 | ....v...>...........{...C....... |
40a0 | c7 08 00 00 8a 08 00 00 52 08 00 00 12 08 00 00 d2 07 00 00 92 07 00 00 6b 07 00 00 3f 07 00 00 | ........R...............k...?... |
40c0 | 33 07 00 00 02 07 00 00 fe 06 00 00 fd 06 00 00 b1 06 00 00 63 06 00 00 15 06 00 00 c7 05 00 00 | 3...................c........... |
40e0 | 7b 05 00 00 7a 05 00 00 29 05 00 00 db 04 00 00 90 04 00 00 44 04 00 00 43 04 00 00 fa 03 00 00 | {...z...)...........D...C....... |
4100 | aa 03 00 00 5c 03 00 00 0b 03 00 00 0a 03 00 00 bd 02 00 00 6e 02 00 00 2f 02 00 00 2e 02 00 00 | ....\...............n.../....... |
4120 | 18 02 00 00 c8 01 00 00 78 01 00 00 3a 01 00 00 38 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 64 64 69 73 74 72 69 | ........x...:...8........ddistri |
4140 | 62 75 74 65 64 20 66 6f 72 6d 20 6f 66 20 74 72 75 73 74 2e 20 20 41 20 74 72 65 65 20 6c 65 61 | buted.form.of.trust...A.tree.lea |
4160 | 66 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 73 20 66 6f 75 72 20 66 69 65 6c 64 73 3a 00 76 65 72 69 66 79 20 74 | f.contains.four.fields:.verify.t |
4180 | 68 61 74 20 74 68 69 73 20 74 72 65 65 20 69 73 20 66 72 65 73 68 20 61 6e 64 20 61 70 70 65 6e | hat.this.tree.is.fresh.and.appen |
41a0 | 64 2d 6f 6e 6c 79 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 20 63 6f 73 69 67 6e 69 6e 67 20 69 74 20 74 6f 20 61 63 | d-only.before.cosigning.it.to.ac |
41c0 | 68 69 65 76 65 20 61 00 41 20 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 20 6d 61 69 6e 74 61 69 6e 73 20 61 | hieve.a.A.sigsum.log.maintains.a |
41e0 | 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 20 61 70 70 65 6e 64 2d 6f 6e 6c 79 20 4d 65 72 6b 6c 65 20 74 72 65 65 2e | .public.append-only.Merkle.tree. |
4200 | 20 20 49 6e 64 65 70 65 6e 64 65 6e 74 20 77 69 74 6e 65 73 73 65 73 00 23 23 23 20 33 2e 31 20 | ..Independent.witnesses.###.3.1. |
4220 | 2d 20 4d 65 72 6b 6c 65 20 74 72 65 65 00 00 63 6f 73 69 67 6e 69 6e 67 20 70 72 6f 74 6f 63 6f | -.Merkle.tree..cosigning.protoco |
4240 | 6c 2e 20 20 4d 6f 72 65 20 64 65 74 61 69 6c 20 69 73 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 64 20 69 6e 20 53 | l...More.detail.is.provided.in.S |
4260 | 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 33 2e 32 2e 33 2e 00 61 64 64 69 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 6f 75 74 62 6f 75 6e | ection.3.2.3..additional.outboun |
4280 | 64 20 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 6b 20 63 6f 6e 6e 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 69 66 20 61 20 74 68 72 65 73 | d.network.connections.if.a.thres |
42a0 | 68 6f 6c 64 20 6f 66 20 77 69 74 6e 65 73 73 65 73 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 65 64 20 61 00 56 65 72 | hold.of.witnesses.followed.a.Ver |
42c0 | 69 66 69 65 72 73 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 73 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 63 6f 6e 76 69 | ifiers.and.monitors.can.be.convi |
42e0 | 6e 63 65 64 20 74 68 61 74 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 20 68 61 70 70 65 6e 65 | nced.that.public.logging.happene |
4300 | 64 20 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 00 00 74 68 65 69 72 20 6b 65 79 2d 75 73 61 67 65 20 63 61 6e 20 6e | d.without..their.key-usage.can.n |
4320 | 6f 77 20 62 65 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 65 64 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 6e 6f 20 73 69 67 6e 69 6e | ow.be.verified.because.no.signin |
4340 | 67 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 67 6f 65 73 20 75 6e 6e 6f 74 69 63 65 64 2e 00 6b 65 79 73 | g.operation.goes.unnoticed..keys |
4360 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 79 20 61 72 65 20 61 77 61 72 65 20 6f 66 2e 20 20 41 6e 79 20 66 61 | .that.they.are.aware.of...Any.fa |
4380 | 6c 73 69 66 69 61 62 6c 65 20 63 6c 61 69 6d 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 20 6d 61 | lsifiable.claim.that.a.signer.ma |
43a0 | 6b 65 73 20 61 62 6f 75 74 00 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 2e 20 20 4d 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 73 20 6c 6f 6f | kes.about.logging...Monitors.loo |
43c0 | 6b 20 66 6f 72 20 73 69 67 6e 65 64 20 63 68 65 63 6b 73 75 6d 73 20 61 6e 64 20 64 61 74 61 20 | k.for.signed.checksums.and.data. |
43e0 | 74 68 61 74 20 63 6f 72 72 65 73 70 6f 6e 64 20 74 6f 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 00 56 65 72 69 66 69 | that.correspond.to.public.Verifi |
4400 | 65 72 73 20 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 27 73 20 64 61 74 61 20 69 66 20 69 74 20 | ers.use.the.signer's.data.if.it. |
4420 | 69 73 20 61 63 63 6f 6d 70 61 6e 69 65 64 20 62 79 20 70 72 6f 6f 66 73 20 6f 66 20 70 75 62 6c | is.accompanied.by.proofs.of.publ |
4440 | 69 63 00 00 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 2e 20 20 41 20 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 20 64 6f 65 73 20 | ic..logging...A.sigsum.log.does. |
4460 | 6e 6f 74 20 68 65 6c 70 20 74 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 6e 79 20 64 61 74 | not.help.the.signer.with.any.dat |
4480 | 61 20 64 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 69 6f 6e 2e 00 74 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 65 64 20 63 68 65 63 6b | a.distribution..the.signed.check |
44a0 | 73 75 6d 27 73 20 64 61 74 61 20 69 73 20 72 65 61 64 79 20 66 6f 72 20 64 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 | sum's.data.is.ready.for.distribu |
44c0 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 69 74 68 20 70 72 6f 6f 66 73 20 6f 66 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 00 69 6e 63 6c 75 | tion.with.proofs.of.public.inclu |
44e0 | 73 69 6f 6e 20 70 72 6f 6f 66 20 69 73 20 61 76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 6c 65 61 | sion.proof.is.available.that.lea |
4500 | 64 73 20 75 70 20 74 6f 20 61 20 74 72 75 73 74 77 6f 72 74 68 79 20 4d 65 72 6b 6c 65 20 74 72 | ds.up.to.a.trustworthy.Merkle.tr |
4520 | 65 65 20 68 65 61 64 2c 00 54 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 69 6e 67 20 70 61 72 74 79 20 77 61 69 74 73 | ee.head,.The.signing.party.waits |
4540 | 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 73 75 62 6d 69 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 69 6e 63 6c | .for.their.submission.to.be.incl |
4560 | 75 64 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 67 2e 20 20 57 68 65 6e 20 61 6e 00 00 6b 65 79 20 69 | uded.in.the.log...When.an..key.i |
4580 | 73 20 63 6f 6e 66 69 67 75 72 65 64 20 69 6e 20 44 4e 53 20 61 73 20 61 20 54 58 54 20 72 65 63 | s.configured.in.DNS.as.a.TXT.rec |
45a0 | 6f 72 64 20 74 6f 20 68 65 6c 70 20 6c 6f 67 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 6f 72 73 20 63 6f 6d 62 61 74 | ord.to.help.log.operators.combat |
45c0 | 20 73 70 61 6d 2e 00 61 6e 64 20 61 20 68 61 73 68 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 20 | .spam..and.a.hash.of.the.public. |
45e0 | 76 65 72 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6b 65 79 2e 20 20 41 20 68 61 73 68 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | verification.key...A.hash.of.the |
4600 | 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 00 64 61 74 61 2e 20 20 4d 69 6e 69 | .public.verification.data...Mini |
4620 | 6d 61 6c 20 6d 65 74 61 64 61 74 61 20 6d 75 73 74 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 62 65 20 6c 6f 67 67 65 64 | mal.metadata.must.also.be.logged |
4640 | 2c 20 73 75 63 68 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 63 68 65 63 6b 73 75 6d 27 73 20 73 69 67 6e 61 74 75 | ,.such.as.the.checksum's.signatu |
4660 | 72 65 00 73 74 61 74 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 73 20 61 63 | re.statement.that.sigsum.logs.ac |
4680 | 63 65 70 74 2e 20 20 54 68 61 74 20 73 74 61 74 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 65 6e 63 6f 64 65 73 20 61 20 | cept...That.statement.encodes.a. |
46a0 | 63 68 65 63 6b 73 75 6d 20 6f 66 20 73 6f 6d 65 00 41 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 20 77 61 6e 74 73 20 | checksum.of.some.A.signer.wants. |
46c0 | 74 6f 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 6b 65 79 2d 75 73 61 67 65 20 74 72 61 6e 73 70 61 72 | to.make.their.key-usage.transpar |
46e0 | 65 6e 74 2e 20 20 54 68 65 72 65 66 6f 72 65 2c 20 74 68 65 79 20 73 69 67 6e 20 61 00 00 60 60 | ent...Therefore,.they.sign.a..`` |
4700 | 60 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 46 69 67 75 72 65 20 | `........................Figure. |
4720 | 31 3a 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 6f 76 65 72 76 69 65 77 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 00 20 | 1:.system.overview.............. |
4740 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 69 | ...............................i |
4760 | 6e 76 65 73 74 69 67 61 74 65 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | nvestigate...................... |
4780 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 76 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ................v............... |
47a0 | 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 63 6c 61 69 6d 20 20 | .+---------+...........|.claim.. |
47c0 | 20 20 20 20 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | .....+----------+............... |
47e0 | 20 7c 20 77 69 74 6e 65 73 73 20 7c 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 66 61 6c 73 65 20 20 | .|.witness.|...........|.false.. |
4800 | 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 56 65 72 69 66 69 65 72 20 7c 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | .....|.Verifier.|............... |
4820 | 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | .+---------+...........|........ |
4840 | 20 20 20 20 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | .....+----------+............... |
4860 | 20 20 20 76 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 20 20 20 | ...v..............+---------+... |
4880 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 76 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 20 2b 2d | ........v..................|..+- |
48a0 | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 3e 7c 20 4d 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 20 7c 3c 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 20 20 | --------->|.Monitor.|<-------+.. |
48c0 | 7c 70 72 6f 6f 66 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 20 7c 20 70 72 6f | |proof..................|..|.pro |
48e0 | 6f 66 20 20 20 20 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 20 20 20 64 61 74 61 20 7c 20 20 7c 6d 65 | of.....+---------+...data.|..|me |
4900 | 74 61 64 61 74 61 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 20 7c 20 6d 65 74 | tadata..................|..|.met |
4920 | 61 64 61 74 61 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 20 7c 64 61 | adata.....................|..|da |
4940 | 74 61 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5e 20 20 7c 20 63 68 65 63 6b 73 75 | ta..................^..|.checksu |
4960 | 6d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 20 7c 00 20 20 2b 2d 2d | m.....................|..|...+-- |
4980 | 2d 2d 2d 2b 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ---+.......+---------+.......... |
49a0 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 00 20 20 7c 20 | ...........+--------------+...|. |
49c0 | 44 4e 53 20 7c 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 3e 7c 20 20 20 4c 6f 67 20 20 20 7c 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | DNS.|------>|...Log...|--------- |
49e0 | 2d 2b 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 44 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 7c 00 20 20 2b | -+..........|.Distribution.|...+ |
4a00 | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 20 48 28 76 6b 29 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 20 20 20 70 72 6f 6f 66 | -----+.H(vk).+---------+...proof |
4a20 | 20 20 7c 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 00 20 20 | ..|..........+--------------+... |
4a40 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 76 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ..................v............. |
4a60 | 20 20 20 7c 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 76 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ...|................v........... |
4a80 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5e 20 20 20 20 | ..........|................^.... |
4aa0 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 70 72 6f 6f 66 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 6d | ............|.proof............m |
4ac0 | 65 74 61 64 61 74 61 20 7c 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 20 | etadata.|..........+----------+. |
4ae0 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 6d 65 74 61 64 61 74 61 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ..........|.metadata............ |
4b00 | 63 68 65 63 6b 73 75 6d 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 7c 20 20 53 69 67 6e 65 72 20 20 7c | checksum.+----------|..Signer..| |
4b20 | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 20 64 61 74 61 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | -----------+.data............... |
4b40 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 00 60 60 | .................+----------+.`` |
4b60 | 60 00 77 65 20 67 69 76 65 20 61 20 62 72 69 65 66 20 70 72 69 6d 65 72 20 62 65 6c 6f 77 2e 00 | `.we.give.a.brief.primer.below.. |
4b80 | 41 6e 20 6f 76 65 72 76 69 65 77 20 6f 66 20 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 20 69 73 | An.overview.of.sigsum.logging.is |
4ba0 | 20 73 68 6f 77 6e 20 69 6e 20 46 69 67 75 72 65 20 31 2e 20 20 42 65 66 6f 72 65 20 67 6f 69 6e | .shown.in.Figure.1...Before.goin |
4bc0 | 67 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 64 65 74 61 69 6c 00 23 23 20 33 20 2d 20 44 65 73 69 67 6e 00 00 61 74 74 | g.into.detail.##.3.-.Design..att |
4be0 | 61 63 6b 73 2e 20 20 20 41 20 6c 6f 67 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 6f 72 20 63 61 6e 20 61 74 20 62 65 | acks....A.log.operator.can.at.be |
4c00 | 73 74 20 64 65 6e 79 20 73 65 72 76 69 63 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 61 73 73 75 6d | st.deny.service.with.these.assum |
4c20 | 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 00 09 5b 73 6c 6f 77 2d 64 6f 77 6e 5d 28 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 67 69 74 | ptions...[slow-down](https://git |
4c40 | 2e 73 69 67 73 75 6d 2e 6f 72 67 2f 73 69 67 73 75 6d 2f 74 72 65 65 2f 61 72 63 68 69 76 65 2f | .sigsum.org/sigsum/tree/archive/ |
4c60 | 32 30 32 31 2d 30 38 2d 32 34 2d 63 68 65 63 6b 70 6f 69 6e 74 2d 74 69 6d 65 73 74 61 6d 70 29 | 2021-08-24-checkpoint-timestamp) |
4c80 | 00 61 6e 64 00 09 5b 73 70 6c 69 74 2d 76 69 65 77 5d 28 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 64 61 74 61 74 | .and..[split-view](https://datat |
4ca0 | 72 61 63 6b 65 72 2e 69 65 74 66 2e 6f 72 67 2f 64 6f 63 2f 68 74 6d 6c 2f 64 72 61 66 74 2d 69 | racker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-i |
4cc0 | 65 74 66 2d 74 72 61 6e 73 2d 67 6f 73 73 69 70 2d 30 35 29 00 61 74 74 65 6d 70 74 73 00 77 69 | etf-trans-gossip-05).attempts.wi |
4ce0 | 74 6e 65 73 73 65 73 20 73 74 6f 70 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 70 72 6f 74 6f 63 6f 6c 20 | tnesses.stop.following.protocol. |
4d00 | 74 6f 20 70 72 6f 74 65 63 74 20 61 67 61 69 6e 73 74 20 61 20 6d 61 6c 69 63 69 6f 75 73 20 6c | to.protect.against.a.malicious.l |
4d20 | 6f 67 20 74 68 61 74 00 73 69 67 6e 61 74 75 72 65 20 73 63 68 65 6d 65 2e 20 20 57 65 20 61 6c | og.that.signature.scheme...We.al |
4d40 | 73 6f 20 61 73 73 75 6d 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 74 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 61 20 74 68 72 65 73 68 6f | so.assume.that.at.most.a.thresho |
4d60 | 6c 64 20 6f 66 20 69 6e 64 65 70 65 6e 64 65 6e 74 00 46 6f 72 20 73 65 63 75 48 6f 77 48 6f 77 | ld.of.independent.For.secuHowHow |
4d80 | 65 76 65 72 2c 20 61 20 6c 6f 67 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 6f 72 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 | ever,.a.log.operator.would.only. |
4da0 | 64 6f 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 66 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 6c 69 6b 65 6c 79 20 74 6f 20 67 6f 20 75 6e | do.that.if.it.is.likely.to.go.un |
4dc0 | 6e 6f 74 69 63 65 64 2e 00 74 48 6f 77 65 76 65 72 2c 20 61 20 6c 6f 67 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 6f | noticed..tHowever,.a.log.operato |
4de0 | 72 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 64 6f 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 66 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 6c 69 | r.would.only.do.that.if.it.is.li |
4e00 | 6b 65 6c 79 20 74 6f 20 67 6f 20 75 6e 6e 6f 74 69 63 65 64 2e 00 74 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 61 | kely.to.go.unnoticed..the.same.a |
4e20 | 70 70 65 6e 64 2d 6f 6e 6c 79 20 4d 65 72 6b 6c 65 20 74 72 65 65 20 74 6f 20 65 76 65 72 79 6f | ppend-only.Merkle.tree.to.everyo |
4e40 | 6e 65 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 61 74 74 61 63 6b 65 72 2d 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f | ne.because.it.is.attacker-contro |
4e60 | 6c 6c 65 64 2e 00 63 68 65 63 6b 73 75 6d 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 65 72 20 77 | lled..checksum.that.a.verifier.w |
4e80 | 6f 75 6c 64 20 61 63 63 65 70 74 2e 20 20 41 20 6c 6f 67 20 63 61 6e 20 6d 69 73 62 65 68 61 76 | ould.accept...A.log.can.misbehav |
4ea0 | 65 20 62 79 20 6e 6f 74 20 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 69 6e 67 00 54 68 65 20 6f 76 65 72 61 6c 6c 20 | e.by.not.presenting.The.overall. |
4ec0 | 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 69 73 20 73 61 69 64 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 73 65 63 75 72 65 20 69 66 20 61 | system.is.said.to.be.secure.if.a |
4ee0 | 20 6d 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 20 63 61 6e 20 64 69 73 63 6f 76 65 72 20 65 76 65 72 79 20 73 69 67 6e | .monitor.can.discover.every.sign |
4f00 | 65 64 00 00 09 5b 5c 5b 44 69 67 69 43 65 72 74 5c 5d 5d 28 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 67 72 6f 75 | ed...[\[DigiCert\]](https://grou |
4f20 | 70 73 2e 67 6f 6f 67 6c 65 2e 63 6f 6d 2f 61 2f 63 68 72 6f 6d 69 75 6d 2e 6f 72 67 2f 67 2f 63 | ps.google.com/a/chromium.org/g/c |
4f40 | 74 2d 70 6f 6c 69 63 79 2f 63 2f 61 4b 4e 62 5a 75 4a 7a 77 66 4d 29 2e 00 54 72 61 6e 73 70 61 | t-policy/c/aKNbZuJzwfM)..Transpa |
4f60 | 72 65 6e 63 79 20 4c 6f 67 00 62 65 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 63 61 73 65 20 77 68 65 6e 20 61 20 72 | rency.Log.been.the.case.when.a.r |
4f80 | 65 6d 6f 74 65 20 63 6f 64 65 20 65 78 65 63 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 61 73 20 66 6f 75 6e 64 20 66 | emote.code.execution.was.found.f |
4fa0 | 6f 72 20 61 20 43 65 72 74 69 66 69 63 61 74 65 00 64 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 65 20 69 74 20 74 | or.a.Certificate.distribute.it.t |
4fc0 | 6f 20 61 20 73 75 62 73 65 74 20 6f 66 20 69 73 6f 6c 61 74 65 64 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 65 72 73 | o.a.subset.of.isolated.verifiers |
4fe0 | 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 74 68 69 73 20 63 6f 75 6c 64 20 68 61 76 65 00 | ...For.example,.this.could.have. |
5000 | 61 64 00 00 6f 02 00 00 7b 03 00 00 00 10 00 00 3c 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 0f 00 00 b3 0f 00 00 | ad..o...{.......<............... |
5020 | 69 0f 00 00 1f 0f 00 00 16 0f 00 00 c6 0e 00 00 c2 0e 00 00 69 0e 00 00 1e 0e 00 00 1d 0e 00 00 | i...................i........... |
5040 | 0f 0e 00 00 c1 0d 00 00 a3 0d 00 00 9f 0d 00 00 73 0d 00 00 36 0d 00 00 f5 0c 00 00 b7 0c 00 00 | ................s...6........... |
5060 | 7f 0c 00 00 3e 0c 00 00 fd 0b 00 00 bc 0b 00 00 84 0b 00 00 48 0b 00 00 08 0b 00 00 cb 0a 00 00 | ....>...............H........... |
5080 | 93 0a 00 00 53 0a 00 00 13 0a 00 00 d3 09 00 00 ac 09 00 00 80 09 00 00 74 09 00 00 43 09 00 00 | ....S...................t...C... |
50a0 | 3f 09 00 00 3e 09 00 00 f2 08 00 00 a4 08 00 00 56 08 00 00 08 08 00 00 bc 07 00 00 bb 07 00 00 | ?...>...........V............... |
50c0 | 6a 07 00 00 1c 07 00 00 d1 06 00 00 85 06 00 00 84 06 00 00 3b 06 00 00 eb 05 00 00 9d 05 00 00 | j...................;........... |
50e0 | 4c 05 00 00 4b 05 00 00 fe 04 00 00 af 04 00 00 70 04 00 00 6f 04 00 00 59 04 00 00 09 04 00 00 | L...K...........p...o...Y....... |
5100 | b9 03 00 00 7b 03 00 00 70 03 00 00 25 03 00 00 e3 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ....{...p...%................... |
5120 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
5140 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
5160 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
5180 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
51a0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
51c0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
51e0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
5200 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
5220 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
5240 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
5260 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
5280 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
52a0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ................................ |
52c0 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 64 69 73 64 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 | .....................disdistribu |
52e0 | 64 69 73 64 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 65 64 20 66 6f 72 6d 20 6f 66 20 74 72 75 73 74 2e 20 20 41 | disdistributed.form.of.trust...A |
5300 | 20 74 72 65 65 20 6c 65 61 66 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 73 20 66 6f 75 72 20 66 69 65 6c 64 73 3a | .tree.leaf.contains.four.fields: |
5320 | 00 76 65 72 69 64 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 65 64 20 66 6f 72 6d 20 6f 66 20 74 72 75 73 74 2e 20 | .veridistributed.form.of.trust.. |
5340 | 20 41 20 74 72 65 65 20 6c 65 61 66 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 73 20 66 6f 75 72 20 66 69 65 6c 64 | .A.tree.leaf.contains.four.field |
5360 | 73 3a 00 76 65 72 69 66 79 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 64 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 65 64 64 69 73 74 72 | s:.verify.that.tdistributeddistr |
5380 | 69 62 75 74 65 64 20 66 6f 72 6d 20 6f 66 20 74 72 75 73 74 2e 20 20 41 20 74 72 65 65 20 6c 65 | ibuted.form.of.trust...A.tree.le |
53a0 | 61 66 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 73 20 66 6f 75 72 20 66 69 65 6c 64 73 3a 00 76 65 72 69 66 79 20 | af.contains.four.fields:.verify. |
53c0 | 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 69 73 20 74 72 65 65 20 69 73 20 66 72 65 73 68 20 61 6e 64 20 61 70 70 65 | that.this.tree.is.fresh.and.appe |
53e0 | 6e 64 2d 6f 6e 6c 79 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 20 63 6f 73 69 67 6e 69 6e 67 20 69 74 20 74 6f 20 61 | nd-only.before.cosigning.it.to.a |
5400 | 63 68 69 65 76 65 20 61 00 41 20 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 20 6d 61 69 6e 74 61 69 6e 73 20 | chieve.a.A.sigsum.log.maintains. |
5420 | 61 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 20 61 70 70 65 6e 64 2d 6f 6e 6c 79 20 4d 65 72 6b 6c 65 20 74 72 65 65 | a.public.append-only.Merkle.tree |
5440 | 2e 20 20 49 6e 64 65 70 65 6e 64 65 6e 74 20 77 69 74 6e 65 73 73 65 73 00 23 23 23 20 33 2e 31 | ...Independent.witnesses.###.3.1 |
5460 | 20 2d 20 4d 65 72 6b 6c 65 20 74 72 65 65 00 00 63 6f 73 69 67 6e 69 6e 67 20 70 72 6f 74 6f 63 | .-.Merkle.tree..cosigning.protoc |
5480 | 6f 6c 2e 20 20 4d 6f 72 65 20 64 65 74 61 69 6c 20 69 73 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 64 20 69 6e 20 | ol...More.detail.is.provided.in. |
54a0 | 53 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 33 2e 32 2e 33 2e 00 61 64 64 69 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 6f 75 74 62 6f 75 | Section.3.2.3..additional.outbou |
54c0 | 6e 64 20 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 6b 20 63 6f 6e 6e 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 69 66 20 61 20 74 68 72 65 | nd.network.connections.if.a.thre |
54e0 | 73 68 6f 6c 64 20 6f 66 20 77 69 74 6e 65 73 73 65 73 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 65 64 20 61 00 56 65 | shold.of.witnesses.followed.a.Ve |
5500 | 72 69 66 69 65 72 73 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 73 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 63 6f 6e 76 | rifiers.and.monitors.can.be.conv |
5520 | 69 6e 63 65 64 20 74 68 61 74 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 20 68 61 70 70 65 6e | inced.that.public.logging.happen |
5540 | 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 00 00 74 68 65 69 72 20 6b 65 79 2d 75 73 61 67 65 20 63 61 6e 20 | ed.without..their.key-usage.can. |
5560 | 6e 6f 77 20 62 65 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 65 64 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 6e 6f 20 73 69 67 6e 69 | now.be.verified.because.no.signi |
5580 | 6e 67 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 67 6f 65 73 20 75 6e 6e 6f 74 69 63 65 64 2e 00 6b 65 79 | ng.operation.goes.unnoticed..key |
55a0 | 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 79 20 61 72 65 20 61 77 61 72 65 20 6f 66 2e 20 20 41 6e 79 20 66 | s.that.they.are.aware.of...Any.f |
55c0 | 61 6c 73 69 66 69 61 62 6c 65 20 63 6c 61 69 6d 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 20 6d | alsifiable.claim.that.a.signer.m |
55e0 | 61 6b 65 73 20 61 62 6f 75 74 00 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 2e 20 20 4d 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 73 20 6c 6f | akes.about.logging...Monitors.lo |
5600 | 6f 6b 20 66 6f 72 20 73 69 67 6e 65 64 20 63 68 65 63 6b 73 75 6d 73 20 61 6e 64 20 64 61 74 61 | ok.for.signed.checksums.and.data |
5620 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 63 6f 72 72 65 73 70 6f 6e 64 20 74 6f 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 00 56 65 72 69 66 | .that.correspond.to.public.Verif |
5640 | 69 65 72 73 20 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 27 73 20 64 61 74 61 20 69 66 20 69 74 | iers.use.the.signer's.data.if.it |
5660 | 20 69 73 20 61 63 63 6f 6d 70 61 6e 69 65 64 20 62 79 20 70 72 6f 6f 66 73 20 6f 66 20 70 75 62 | .is.accompanied.by.proofs.of.pub |
5680 | 6c 69 63 00 00 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 2e 20 20 41 20 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 20 64 6f 65 73 | lic..logging...A.sigsum.log.does |
56a0 | 20 6e 6f 74 20 68 65 6c 70 20 74 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 6e 79 20 64 61 | .not.help.the.signer.with.any.da |
56c0 | 74 61 20 64 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 69 6f 6e 2e 00 74 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 65 64 20 63 68 65 63 | ta.distribution..the.signed.chec |
56e0 | 6b 73 75 6d 27 73 20 64 61 74 61 20 69 73 20 72 65 61 64 79 20 66 6f 72 20 64 69 73 74 72 69 62 | ksum's.data.is.ready.for.distrib |
5700 | 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 69 74 68 20 70 72 6f 6f 66 73 20 6f 66 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 00 69 6e 63 6c | ution.with.proofs.of.public.incl |
5720 | 75 73 69 6f 6e 20 70 72 6f 6f 66 20 69 73 20 61 76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 6c 65 | usion.proof.is.available.that.le |
5740 | 61 64 73 20 75 70 20 74 6f 20 61 20 74 72 75 73 74 77 6f 72 74 68 79 20 4d 65 72 6b 6c 65 20 74 | ads.up.to.a.trustworthy.Merkle.t |
5760 | 72 65 65 20 68 65 61 64 2c 00 54 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 69 6e 67 20 70 61 72 74 79 20 77 61 69 74 | ree.head,.The.signing.party.wait |
5780 | 73 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 73 75 62 6d 69 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 69 6e 63 | s.for.their.submission.to.be.inc |
57a0 | 6c 75 64 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 67 2e 20 20 57 68 65 6e 20 61 6e 00 00 6b 65 79 20 | luded.in.the.log...When.an..key. |
57c0 | 69 73 20 63 6f 6e 66 69 67 75 72 65 64 20 69 6e 20 44 4e 53 20 61 73 20 61 20 54 58 54 20 72 65 | is.configured.in.DNS.as.a.TXT.re |
57e0 | 63 6f 72 64 20 74 6f 20 68 65 6c 70 20 6c 6f 67 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 6f 72 73 20 63 6f 6d 62 61 | cord.to.help.log.operators.comba |
5800 | 74 20 73 70 61 6d 2e 00 61 6e 64 20 61 20 68 61 73 68 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 | t.spam..and.a.hash.of.the.public |
5820 | 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6b 65 79 2e 20 20 41 20 68 61 73 68 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | .verification.key...A.hash.of.th |
5840 | 65 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 00 64 61 74 61 2e 20 20 4d 69 6e | e.public.verification.data...Min |
5860 | 69 6d 61 6c 20 6d 65 74 61 64 61 74 61 20 6d 75 73 74 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 62 65 20 6c 6f 67 67 65 | imal.metadata.must.also.be.logge |
5880 | 64 2c 20 73 75 63 68 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 63 68 65 63 6b 73 75 6d 27 73 20 73 69 67 6e 61 74 | d,.such.as.the.checksum's.signat |
58a0 | 75 72 65 00 73 74 61 74 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 73 20 61 | ure.statement.that.sigsum.logs.a |
58c0 | 63 63 65 70 74 2e 20 20 54 68 61 74 20 73 74 61 74 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 65 6e 63 6f 64 65 73 20 61 | ccept...That.statement.encodes.a |
58e0 | 20 63 68 65 63 6b 73 75 6d 20 6f 66 20 73 6f 6d 65 00 41 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 20 77 61 6e 74 73 | .checksum.of.some.A.signer.wants |
5900 | 20 74 6f 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 6b 65 79 2d 75 73 61 67 65 20 74 72 61 6e 73 70 61 | .to.make.their.key-usage.transpa |
5920 | 72 65 6e 74 2e 20 20 54 68 65 72 65 66 6f 72 65 2c 20 74 68 65 79 20 73 69 67 6e 20 61 00 00 60 | rent...Therefore,.they.sign.a..` |
5940 | 60 60 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 46 69 67 75 72 65 | ``........................Figure |
5960 | 20 31 3a 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 6f 76 65 72 76 69 65 77 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 00 | .1:.system.overview............. |
5980 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ................................ |
59a0 | 69 6e 76 65 73 74 69 67 61 74 65 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | investigate..................... |
59c0 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 76 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | .................v.............. |
59e0 | 20 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 63 6c 61 69 6d 20 | ..+---------+...........|.claim. |
5a00 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ......+----------+.............. |
5a20 | 20 20 7c 20 77 69 74 6e 65 73 73 20 7c 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 66 61 6c 73 65 20 | ..|.witness.|...........|.false. |
5a40 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 56 65 72 69 66 69 65 72 20 7c 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ......|.Verifier.|.............. |
5a60 | 20 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ..+---------+...........|....... |
5a80 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ......+----------+.............. |
5aa0 | 20 20 20 20 76 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 20 20 | ....v..............+---------+.. |
5ac0 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 76 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 20 2b | .........v..................|..+ |
5ae0 | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 3e 7c 20 4d 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 20 7c 3c 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 20 | ---------->|.Monitor.|<-------+. |
5b00 | 20 7c 70 72 6f 6f 66 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 20 7c 20 70 72 | .|proof..................|..|.pr |
5b20 | 6f 6f 66 20 20 20 20 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 20 20 20 64 61 74 61 20 7c 20 20 7c 6d | oof.....+---------+...data.|..|m |
5b40 | 65 74 61 64 61 74 61 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 20 7c 20 6d 65 | etadata..................|..|.me |
5b60 | 74 61 64 61 74 61 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 20 7c 64 | tadata.....................|..|d |
5b80 | 61 74 61 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5e 20 20 7c 20 63 68 65 63 6b 73 | ata..................^..|.checks |
5ba0 | 75 6d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 20 7c 00 20 20 2b 2d | um.....................|..|...+- |
5bc0 | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ----+.......+---------+......... |
5be0 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 00 20 20 7c | ............+--------------+...| |
5c00 | 20 44 4e 53 20 7c 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 3e 7c 20 20 20 4c 6f 67 20 20 20 7c 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | .DNS.|------>|...Log...|-------- |
5c20 | 2d 2d 2b 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 44 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 7c 00 20 20 | --+..........|.Distribution.|... |
5c40 | 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 20 48 28 76 6b 29 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 20 20 20 70 72 6f 6f | +-----+.H(vk).+---------+...proo |
5c60 | 66 20 20 7c 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 00 20 | f..|..........+--------------+.. |
5c80 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 76 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ...................v............ |
5ca0 | 20 20 20 20 7c 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 76 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ....|................v.......... |
5cc0 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5e 20 20 20 | ...........|................^... |
5ce0 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 70 72 6f 6f 66 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | .............|.proof............ |
5d00 | 6d 65 74 61 64 61 74 61 20 7c 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b | metadata.|..........+----------+ |
5d20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 6d 65 74 61 64 61 74 61 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ...........|.metadata........... |
5d40 | 20 63 68 65 63 6b 73 75 6d 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 7c 20 20 53 69 67 6e 65 72 20 20 | .checksum.+----------|..Signer.. |
5d60 | 7c 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 20 64 61 74 61 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |-----------+.data.............. |
5d80 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 00 60 | ..................+----------+.` |
5da0 | 60 60 00 77 65 20 67 69 76 65 20 61 20 62 72 69 65 66 20 70 72 69 6d 65 72 20 62 65 6c 6f 77 2e | ``.we.give.a.brief.primer.below. |
5dc0 | 00 41 6e 20 6f 76 65 72 76 69 65 77 20 6f 66 20 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 20 69 | .An.overview.of.sigsum.logging.i |
5de0 | 73 20 73 68 6f 77 6e 20 69 6e 20 46 69 67 75 72 65 20 31 2e 20 20 42 65 66 6f 72 65 20 67 6f 69 | s.shown.in.Figure.1...Before.goi |
5e00 | 6e 67 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 64 65 74 61 69 6c 00 23 23 20 33 20 2d 20 44 65 73 69 67 6e 00 00 61 74 | ng.into.detail.##.3.-.Design..at |
5e20 | 74 61 63 6b 73 2e 20 20 20 41 20 6c 6f 67 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 6f 72 20 63 61 6e 20 61 74 20 62 | tacks....A.log.operator.can.at.b |
5e40 | 65 73 74 20 64 65 6e 79 20 73 65 72 76 69 63 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 61 73 73 75 | est.deny.service.with.these.assu |
5e60 | 6d 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 00 09 5b 73 6c 6f 77 2d 64 6f 77 6e 5d 28 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 67 69 | mptions...[slow-down](https://gi |
5e80 | 74 2e 73 69 67 73 75 6d 2e 6f 72 67 2f 73 69 67 73 75 6d 2f 74 72 65 65 2f 61 72 63 68 69 76 65 | t.sigsum.org/sigsum/tree/archive |
5ea0 | 2f 32 30 32 31 2d 30 38 2d 32 34 2d 63 68 65 63 6b 70 6f 69 6e 74 2d 74 69 6d 65 73 74 61 6d 70 | /2021-08-24-checkpoint-timestamp |
5ec0 | 29 00 61 6e 64 00 09 5b 73 70 6c 69 74 2d 76 69 65 77 5d 28 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 64 61 74 61 | ).and..[split-view](https://data |
5ee0 | 74 72 61 63 6b 65 72 2e 69 65 74 66 2e 6f 72 67 2f 64 6f 63 2f 68 74 6d 6c 2f 64 72 61 66 74 2d | tracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft- |
5f00 | 69 65 74 66 2d 74 72 61 6e 73 2d 67 6f 73 73 69 70 2d 30 35 29 00 61 74 74 65 6d 70 74 73 00 77 | ietf-trans-gossip-05).attempts.w |
5f20 | 69 74 6e 65 73 73 65 73 20 73 74 6f 70 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 70 72 6f 74 6f 63 6f 6c | itnesses.stop.following.protocol |
5f40 | 20 74 6f 20 70 72 6f 74 65 63 74 20 61 67 61 69 6e 73 74 20 61 20 6d 61 6c 69 63 69 6f 75 73 20 | .to.protect.against.a.malicious. |
5f60 | 6c 6f 67 20 74 68 61 74 00 73 69 67 6e 61 74 75 72 65 20 73 63 68 65 6d 65 2e 20 20 57 65 20 61 | log.that.signature.scheme...We.a |
5f80 | 6c 73 6f 20 61 73 73 75 6d 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 74 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 61 20 74 68 72 65 73 68 | lso.assume.that.at.most.a.thresh |
5fa0 | 6f 6c 64 20 6f 66 20 69 6e 64 65 70 65 6e 64 65 6e 74 00 46 6f 72 20 73 65 63 75 72 69 74 79 20 | old.of.independent.For.security. |
5fc0 | 77 65 20 6e 65 65 64 20 61 20 63 6f 6c 6c 69 73 69 6f 6e 20 72 65 73 69 73 74 61 6e 74 20 68 61 | we.need.a.collision.resistant.ha |
5fe0 | 73 68 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 61 6e 20 75 6e 66 6f 72 67 65 61 62 6c 65 00 00 | sh.function.and.an.unforgeable.. |
6000 | 61 64 00 00 1a 00 00 00 1a 01 00 00 00 10 00 00 39 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 0f 00 00 b0 0f 00 00 | ad..............9............... |
6020 | 62 0f 00 00 21 0f 00 00 da 0e 00 00 8f 0e 00 00 8e 0e 00 00 75 0e 00 00 25 0e 00 00 de 0d 00 00 | b...!...............u...%....... |
6040 | 90 0d 00 00 40 0d 00 00 ef 0c 00 00 9f 0c 00 00 4c 0c 00 00 fe 0b 00 00 ae 0b 00 00 5e 0b 00 00 | ....@...........L...........^... |
6060 | 10 0b 00 00 c4 0a 00 00 7b 0a 00 00 2b 0a 00 00 db 09 00 00 8e 09 00 00 3f 09 00 00 f1 08 00 00 | ........{...+...........?....... |
6080 | a5 08 00 00 71 08 00 00 1d 08 00 00 cf 07 00 00 81 07 00 00 4d 07 00 00 03 07 00 00 bd 06 00 00 | ....q...............M........... |
60a0 | 6f 06 00 00 18 06 00 00 cb 05 00 00 81 05 00 00 31 05 00 00 f3 04 00 00 f2 04 00 00 e0 04 00 00 | o...............1............... |
60c0 | 91 04 00 00 46 04 00 00 45 04 00 00 31 04 00 00 e3 03 00 00 94 03 00 00 47 03 00 00 f6 02 00 00 | ....F...E...1...........G....... |
60e0 | a0 02 00 00 5b 02 00 00 28 02 00 00 b3 01 00 00 b2 01 00 00 62 01 00 00 1a 01 00 00 19 01 00 00 | ....[...(...........b........... |
6100 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 54 68 69 73 20 63 | ..........................This.c |
6120 | 6f 76 65 72 73 20 61 20 77 65 61 6b 65 72 20 66 6f 72 6d 20 6f 66 20 61 74 74 61 63 6b 65 72 20 | overs.a.weaker.form.of.attacker. |
6140 | 74 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 61 62 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 73 69 67 6e 20 6c 6f 67 20 64 61 74 61 20 61 6e | that.is.able.to.sign.log.data.an |
6160 | 64 00 54 68 65 20 61 74 74 61 63 6b 65 72 20 63 61 6e 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 67 61 69 6e 20 63 6f 6e | d.The.attacker.can.also.gain.con |
6180 | 74 72 6f 6c 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 67 27 73 20 73 69 67 6e 69 6e 67 20 6b 65 79 20 61 6e | trol.of.the.log's.signing.key.an |
61a0 | 64 20 69 6e 66 72 61 73 74 72 75 63 74 75 72 65 2e 00 00 09 5b 5c 5b 53 6f 6c 61 72 57 69 6e 64 | d.infrastructure....[\[SolarWind |
61c0 | 73 5c 5d 5d 28 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 77 77 77 2e 7a 64 6e 65 74 2e 63 6f 6d 2f 61 72 74 69 63 | s\]](https://www.zdnet.com/artic |
61e0 | 6c 65 2f 74 68 69 72 64 2d 6d 61 6c 77 61 72 65 2d 73 74 72 61 69 6e 2d 64 69 73 63 6f 76 65 72 | le/third-malware-strain-discover |
6200 | 65 64 2d 69 6e 2d 73 6f 6c 61 72 77 69 6e 64 73 2d 73 75 70 70 6c 79 2d 63 68 61 69 6e 2d 61 74 | ed-in-solarwinds-supply-chain-at |
6220 | 74 61 63 6b 2f 29 2e 00 63 6f 6d 70 72 6f 6d 69 73 65 64 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 6e 6f 74 20 62 | tack/)..compromised.should.not.b |
6240 | 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 76 65 72 73 69 61 6c 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 64 61 79 73 00 54 68 65 20 66 | e.controversial.these.days.The.f |
6260 | 61 63 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 69 67 6e 69 6e 67 20 6b 65 79 73 20 61 6e 64 20 72 65 6c 61 74 65 | act.that.signing.keys.and.relate |
6280 | 64 20 69 6e 66 72 61 73 74 72 75 63 74 75 72 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 6f 6e 65 6e 74 73 20 67 65 74 00 | d.infrastructure.components.get. |
62a0 | 09 5b 5c 5b 46 42 49 2d 41 70 70 6c 65 5c 5d 5d 28 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 77 77 77 2e 65 66 66 | .[\[FBI-Apple\]](https://www.eff |
62c0 | 2e 6f 72 67 2f 63 61 73 65 73 2f 61 70 70 6c 65 2d 63 68 61 6c 6c 65 6e 67 65 73 2d 66 62 69 2d | .org/cases/apple-challenges-fbi- |
62e0 | 61 6c 6c 2d 77 72 69 74 73 2d 61 63 74 2d 6f 72 64 65 72 29 2e 00 74 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 65 73 | all-writs-act-order)..this.is.es |
6300 | 73 65 6e 74 69 61 6c 6c 79 20 77 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 46 42 49 20 72 65 71 75 65 73 74 65 64 | sentially.what.the.FBI.requested |
6320 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 41 70 70 6c 65 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 53 61 6e 20 42 65 72 6e 61 72 64 69 6e | .from.Apple.in.the.San.Bernardin |
6340 | 6f 20 63 61 73 65 00 73 69 67 6e 20 64 61 74 61 20 61 6e 64 20 64 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 65 20 | o.case.sign.data.and.distribute. |
6360 | 69 74 20 74 6f 20 61 20 73 75 62 73 65 74 20 6f 66 20 69 73 6f 6c 61 74 65 64 20 76 65 72 69 66 | it.to.a.subset.of.isolated.verif |
6380 | 69 65 72 73 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 00 72 65 6c 65 61 73 65 20 69 6e 66 72 | iers...For.example,.release.infr |
63a0 | 61 73 74 72 75 63 74 75 72 65 2e 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 63 6f 76 65 72 73 20 61 20 77 65 61 6b 65 | astructure...This.covers.a.weake |
63c0 | 72 20 66 6f 72 6d 20 6f 66 20 61 74 74 61 63 6b 65 72 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 61 62 6c 65 20 | r.form.of.attacker.that.is.able. |
63e0 | 74 6f 00 57 65 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 65 72 20 61 20 70 6f 77 65 72 66 75 6c 20 61 74 74 61 63 6b | to.We.consider.a.powerful.attack |
6400 | 65 72 20 74 68 61 74 20 67 61 69 6e 65 64 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 6f 66 20 61 20 73 69 67 6e | er.that.gained.control.of.a.sign |
6420 | 65 72 27 73 20 73 69 67 6e 69 6e 67 20 61 6e 64 00 23 23 20 32 20 2d 20 54 68 72 65 61 74 20 6d | er's.signing.and.##.2.-.Threat.m |
6440 | 6f 64 65 6c 00 00 46 69 6e 61 6c 6c 79 2c 20 77 65 20 77 72 61 70 20 75 70 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 | odel..Finally,.we.wrap.up.with.a |
6460 | 6e 20 69 6e 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 74 65 20 66 72 65 71 75 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 61 73 6b 65 64 20 71 75 | n.incomplete.frequently.asked.qu |
6480 | 65 73 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 2e 00 46 69 72 73 74 20 77 65 20 64 65 73 63 72 69 | estions.section..First.we.descri |
64a0 | 62 65 20 6f 75 72 20 74 68 72 65 61 74 20 6d 6f 64 65 6c 2e 20 20 54 68 65 6e 20 77 65 20 67 69 | be.our.threat.model...Then.we.gi |
64c0 | 76 65 20 61 20 62 69 72 64 27 73 20 76 69 65 77 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 73 69 67 6e 2e 00 | ve.a.bird's.view.of.the.design.. |
64e0 | 23 23 23 20 31 2e 33 20 2d 20 52 6f 61 64 6d 61 70 00 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5b 41 50 49 5d | ###.1.3.-.Roadmap..........[API] |
6500 | 28 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 67 69 74 2e 73 69 67 73 75 6d 2e 6f 72 67 2f 73 69 67 73 75 6d 2f 74 | (https://git.sigsum.org/sigsum/t |
6520 | 72 65 65 2f 64 6f 63 2f 61 70 69 2e 6d 64 29 2e 00 61 64 64 69 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 6c 79 20 6e 65 | ree/doc/api.md)..additionally.ne |
6540 | 65 64 20 74 6f 20 69 6e 74 65 72 61 63 74 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 | ed.to.interact.with.a.sigsum.log |
6560 | 27 73 20 6c 69 6e 65 2d 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 61 74 65 64 20 41 53 43 49 49 20 48 54 54 50 28 53 29 | 's.line-terminated.ASCII.HTTP(S) |
6580 | 00 74 68 61 74 20 61 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 65 72 20 69 73 20 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 64 20 74 6f 20 | .that.a.verifier.is.required.to. |
65a0 | 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 2e 20 20 53 69 67 6e 65 72 73 2c 20 6d 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 | support...Signers,.monitors,.and |
65c0 | 20 77 69 74 6e 65 73 73 65 73 00 6f 72 20 22 62 79 20 68 61 6e 64 22 20 69 6e 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 | .witnesses.or."by.hand".in.many. |
65e0 | 6d 6f 64 65 72 6e 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 69 6e 67 20 6c 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 73 2e 20 20 54 | modern.programming.languages...T |
6600 | 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 70 61 72 73 69 6e 67 00 09 5b 54 72 75 6e 6e 65 | his.is.the.only.parsing..[Trunne |
6620 | 6c 5d 28 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 67 69 74 6c 61 62 2e 74 6f 72 70 72 6f 6a 65 63 74 2e 6f 72 67 | l](https://gitlab.torproject.org |
6640 | 2f 74 70 6f 2f 63 6f 72 65 2f 74 72 75 6e 6e 65 6c 2f 2d 2f 62 6c 6f 62 2f 6d 61 69 6e 2f 64 6f | /tpo/core/trunnel/-/blob/main/do |
6660 | 63 2f 74 72 75 6e 6e 65 6c 2e 6d 64 29 2c 00 63 6f 6e 73 74 72 61 69 6e 65 64 20 65 6e 76 69 72 | c/trunnel.md),.constrained.envir |
6680 | 6f 6e 6d 65 6e 74 73 2e 20 20 53 69 67 6e 65 64 20 61 6e 64 20 6c 6f 67 67 65 64 20 64 61 74 61 | onments...Signed.and.logged.data |
66a0 | 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 28 64 65 29 73 65 72 69 61 6c 69 7a 65 64 20 75 73 69 6e 67 00 69 6e 63 | .can.be.(de)serialized.using.inc |
66c0 | 72 65 61 73 65 20 61 74 74 61 63 6b 20 73 75 72 66 61 63 65 73 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 74 | rease.attack.surfaces.and.make.t |
66e0 | 68 65 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 64 69 66 66 69 63 75 6c 74 20 74 6f 20 75 73 65 20 | he.system.more.difficult.to.use. |
6700 | 69 6e 00 2d 20 2a 2a 53 69 6d 70 6c 65 20 28 64 65 29 73 65 72 69 61 6c 69 7a 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | in.-.**Simple.(de)serialization. |
6720 | 70 61 72 73 65 72 73 3a 2a 2a 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 78 20 28 64 65 29 73 65 72 69 61 6c 69 7a 61 | parsers:**.complex.(de)serializa |
6740 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 70 61 72 73 65 72 73 00 70 72 6f 74 6f 63 6f 6c 73 20 61 6e 64 20 64 61 74 61 20 | tion.parsers.protocols.and.data. |
6760 | 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 73 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 72 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 73 65 63 75 72 65 2e | formats.simpler.and.more.secure. |
6780 | 00 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 61 72 65 20 45 64 32 35 35 31 39 20 61 6e 64 20 53 48 41 32 35 | .functions.are.Ed25519.and.SHA25 |
67a0 | 36 2e 20 20 4e 6f 74 20 68 61 76 69 6e 67 20 61 6e 79 20 63 72 79 70 74 6f 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 | 6...Not.having.any.cryptographic |
67c0 | 20 61 67 69 6c 69 74 79 20 6d 61 6b 65 73 00 2d 20 2a 2a 4e 6f 20 63 72 79 70 74 6f 67 72 61 70 | .agility.makes.-.**No.cryptograp |
67e0 | 68 69 63 20 61 67 69 6c 69 74 79 2a 2a 3a 20 74 68 65 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 65 | hic.agility**:.the.only.supporte |
6800 | 64 20 73 69 67 6e 61 74 75 72 65 20 73 63 68 65 6d 65 73 20 61 6e 64 20 68 61 73 68 00 09 5b 77 | d.signature.schemes.and.hash..[w |
6820 | 69 74 6e 65 73 73 20 63 6f 73 69 67 6e 69 6e 67 5d 28 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 69 65 65 65 78 70 | itness.cosigning](https://ieeexp |
6840 | 6c 6f 72 65 2e 69 65 65 65 2e 6f 72 67 2f 73 74 61 6d 70 2f 73 74 61 6d 70 2e 6a 73 70 3f 61 72 | lore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?ar |
6860 | 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 3d 37 35 34 36 35 32 31 29 2e 00 70 72 6f 74 6f 63 6f 6c 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 | number=7546521)..protocol.direct |
6880 | 6c 79 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 67 2e 20 20 49 74 20 69 73 20 61 20 76 61 72 69 61 6e | ly.into.the.log...It.is.a.varian |
68a0 | 74 20 6f 66 00 6c 6f 67 73 20 72 65 6c 79 20 6f 6e 20 67 6f 73 73 69 70 20 70 72 6f 74 6f 63 6f | t.of.logs.rely.on.gossip.protoco |
68c0 | 6c 73 20 74 6f 20 64 65 74 65 63 74 20 66 6f 72 6b 73 2e 20 20 57 65 20 62 75 69 6c 74 20 61 20 | ls.to.detect.forks...We.built.a. |
68e0 | 70 72 6f 61 63 74 69 76 65 20 67 6f 73 73 69 70 00 2d 20 2a 2a 42 75 69 6c 74 2d 69 6e 20 6d 65 | proactive.gossip.-.**Built-in.me |
6900 | 63 68 61 6e 69 73 6d 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 65 6e 73 75 72 65 20 61 20 67 6c 6f 62 61 6c 6c 79 20 | chanisms.that.ensure.a.globally. |
6920 | 63 6f 6e 73 69 73 74 65 6e 74 20 6c 6f 67 3a 2a 2a 20 74 72 61 6e 73 70 61 72 65 6e 63 79 00 63 | consistent.log:**.transparency.c |
6940 | 6f 6d 62 61 74 20 6c 6f 67 20 73 70 61 6d 2e 20 20 53 68 61 72 64 69 6e 67 20 69 73 20 61 6c 73 | ombat.log.spam...Sharding.is.als |
6960 | 6f 20 68 65 6c 70 66 75 6c 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 6d 62 61 74 20 6c 6f 67 20 73 70 61 6d 20 69 6e 20 | o.helpful.to.combat.log.spam.in. |
6980 | 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 6e 67 20 72 75 6e 2e 00 6c 69 74 74 6c 65 20 6d 65 74 61 64 61 74 61 20 61 73 | the.long.run..little.metadata.as |
69a0 | 20 70 6f 73 73 69 62 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 6d 62 61 74 20 6c 6f 67 20 70 6f 69 73 6f 6e 69 6e | .possible.to.combat.log.poisonin |
69c0 | 67 2e 20 20 57 65 20 70 69 67 67 79 62 61 63 6b 20 6f 6e 20 44 4e 53 20 74 6f 00 66 72 6f 6d 20 | g...We.piggyback.on.DNS.to.from. |
69e0 | 61 6e 79 6f 6e 65 20 61 74 20 61 72 62 69 74 72 61 72 79 20 72 61 74 65 73 20 63 61 6e 20 6c 65 | anyone.at.arbitrary.rates.can.le |
6a00 | 61 64 20 74 6f 20 61 62 75 73 69 76 65 20 75 73 61 67 65 20 70 61 74 74 65 72 6e 73 2e 20 20 57 | ad.to.abusive.usage.patterns...W |
6a20 | 65 20 73 74 6f 72 65 20 61 73 00 70 6f 73 73 69 62 6c 65 20 74 68 65 79 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 | e.store.as.possible.they.should. |
6a40 | 62 65 20 6f 70 65 6e 20 66 6f 72 20 65 76 65 72 79 6f 6e 65 2e 20 20 48 6f 77 65 76 65 72 2c 20 | be.open.for.everyone...However,. |
6a60 | 61 63 63 65 70 74 69 6e 67 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 20 72 65 71 75 65 73 74 73 00 2d 20 2a 2a 44 | accepting.logging.requests.-.**D |
6a80 | 65 66 65 6e 73 65 73 20 61 67 61 69 6e 73 74 20 6c 6f 67 20 73 70 61 6d 20 61 6e 64 20 70 6f 69 | efenses.against.log.spam.and.poi |
6aa0 | 73 6f 6e 69 6e 67 3a 2a 2a 20 74 6f 20 6b 65 65 70 20 6c 6f 67 73 20 61 73 20 75 73 65 66 75 6c | soning:**.to.keep.logs.as.useful |
6ac0 | 20 61 73 00 61 6e 20 6f 6c 64 65 72 20 6c 6f 67 20 73 68 61 72 64 20 63 61 6e 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 | .as.an.older.log.shard.cannot.be |
6ae0 | 20 72 65 70 6c 61 79 65 64 20 69 6e 20 61 6e 6f 74 68 65 72 20 6e 6f 6e 2d 6f 76 65 72 6c 61 70 | .replayed.in.another.non-overlap |
6b00 | 70 69 6e 67 20 6c 6f 67 20 73 68 61 72 64 2e 00 74 68 61 74 20 64 65 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 65 73 20 | ping.log.shard..that.determines. |
6b20 | 74 68 65 20 74 69 6d 65 20 64 75 72 69 6e 67 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 67 20 77 69 | the.time.during.which.the.log.wi |
6b40 | 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 61 63 74 69 76 65 2e 20 20 53 75 62 6d 69 73 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 74 6f 00 74 68 | ll.be.active...Submissions.to.th |
6b60 | 61 6e 20 63 6c 6f 73 69 6e 67 20 69 74 20 64 6f 77 6e 20 69 6e 20 61 20 72 65 6c 69 61 62 6c 65 | an.closing.it.down.in.a.reliable |
6b80 | 20 77 61 79 2e 20 20 57 65 20 68 61 76 65 20 61 20 70 72 65 64 65 66 69 6e 65 64 20 73 68 61 72 | .way...We.have.a.predefined.shar |
6ba0 | 64 69 6e 67 20 69 6e 74 65 72 76 61 6c 00 2d 20 2a 2a 53 68 61 72 64 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 73 69 | ding.interval.-.**Sharding.to.si |
6bc0 | 6d 70 6c 69 66 79 20 6c 6f 67 20 6c 69 66 65 20 63 79 63 6c 65 73 3a 2a 2a 20 73 74 61 72 74 69 | mplify.log.life.cycles:**.starti |
6be0 | 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 65 20 61 20 6c 6f 67 20 69 73 20 65 61 73 69 65 72 00 49 6e | ng.to.operate.a.log.is.easier.In |
6c00 | 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 77 6f 72 64 73 2c 20 74 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 20 74 61 6c 6b 73 20 74 | .other.words,.the.signer.talks.t |
6c20 | 6f 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 67 20 6f 6e 20 62 65 68 61 6c 66 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 76 65 72 69 66 | o.the.log.on.behalf.of.the.verif |
6c40 | 79 69 6e 67 20 70 61 72 74 79 2e 00 75 73 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 64 69 73 74 72 | ying.party..using.the.same.distr |
6c60 | 69 62 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 6d 65 63 68 61 6e 69 73 6d 20 61 73 20 69 73 20 75 73 65 64 20 66 6f 72 | ibution.mechanism.as.is.used.for |
6c80 | 20 64 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 61 63 74 75 61 6c 20 64 61 74 61 2e 00 61 | .distributing.the.actual.data..a |
6ca0 | 64 64 69 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 6f 75 74 62 6f 75 6e 64 20 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 6b 20 63 6f 6e 6e 65 | dditional.outbound.network.conne |
6cc0 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 20 20 50 72 6f 6f 66 73 20 6f 66 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e | ctions...Proofs.of.public.loggin |
6ce0 | 67 20 61 72 65 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 64 00 2d 20 2a 2a 50 72 65 73 65 72 76 65 64 20 64 61 74 | g.are.provided.-.**Preserved.dat |
6d00 | 61 20 66 6c 6f 77 73 3a 2a 2a 20 61 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 65 72 20 63 61 6e 20 65 6e 66 6f 72 63 | a.flows:**.a.verifier.can.enforc |
6d20 | 65 20 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 20 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 20 6d 61 6b 69 6e 67 00 | e.sigsum.logging.without.making. |
6d40 | 62 75 74 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 6d 61 74 75 72 65 20 65 6e 6f 75 67 68 20 74 6f 20 63 61 70 74 75 | but.it.is.mature.enough.to.captu |
6d60 | 72 65 20 77 68 61 74 20 74 79 70 65 20 6f 66 20 65 63 6f 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 77 65 20 77 61 6e | re.what.type.of.ecosystem.we.wan |
6d80 | 74 20 74 6f 20 62 6f 6f 74 73 74 72 61 70 2e 00 70 72 6f 70 65 72 74 69 65 73 2e 20 20 49 74 20 | t.to.bootstrap..properties...It. |
6da0 | 64 6f 65 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 6d 65 61 6e 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f | does.not.mean.that.the.sigsum.lo |
6dc0 | 67 20 64 65 73 69 67 6e 20 69 73 20 73 65 74 20 69 6e 20 73 74 6f 6e 65 20 79 65 74 2c 00 6f 66 | g.design.is.set.in.stone.yet,.of |
6de0 | 20 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 73 2c 20 75 6c 74 69 6d 61 74 65 6c 79 20 6c 65 61 76 69 6e 67 | .sigsum.logs,.ultimately.leaving |
6e00 | 20 75 73 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 64 65 73 69 67 6e 20 74 68 61 74 20 68 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 62 | .us.with.a.design.that.has.the.b |
6e20 | 65 6c 6f 77 00 49 74 20 69 73 20 66 61 69 72 20 74 6f 20 73 61 79 20 74 68 61 74 20 6d 75 63 68 | elow.It.is.fair.to.say.that.much |
6e40 | 20 74 68 6f 75 67 68 20 77 65 6e 74 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 5f 72 65 6d 6f 76 69 6e 67 5f 20 75 6e 77 | .though.went.into._removing_.unw |
6e60 | 61 6e 74 65 64 20 75 73 61 67 65 2d 70 61 74 74 65 72 6e 73 00 23 23 23 20 31 2e 32 20 2d 20 4c | anted.usage-patterns.###.1.2.-.L |
6e80 | 6f 67 20 70 72 6f 70 65 72 74 69 65 73 00 00 09 5b 47 32 5c 5d 5d 28 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 64 | og.properties...[G2\]](https://d |
6ea0 | 61 74 61 74 72 61 63 6b 65 72 2e 69 65 74 66 2e 6f 72 67 2f 64 6f 63 2f 68 74 6d 6c 2f 64 72 61 | atatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/dra |
6ec0 | 66 74 2d 69 65 74 66 2d 74 72 61 6e 73 2d 67 6f 73 73 69 70 2d 30 35 29 2e 00 09 5b 5c 5b 47 31 | ft-ietf-trans-gossip-05)...[\[G1 |
6ee0 | 2c 5d 28 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 69 65 65 65 78 70 6c 6f 72 65 2e 69 65 65 65 2e 6f 72 67 2f 73 | ,](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/s |
6f00 | 74 61 6d 70 2f 73 74 61 6d 70 2e 6a 73 70 3f 61 72 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 3d 37 33 34 36 38 35 33 29 | tamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=7346853) |
6f20 | 00 70 72 6f 6d 69 73 65 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 64 65 70 6c 6f 79 6d 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 61 20 67 | .promises,.and.deployment.of.a.g |
6f40 | 6f 73 73 69 70 20 70 72 6f 74 6f 63 6f 6c 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 75 69 74 73 20 74 68 65 20 77 65 | ossip.protocol.that.suits.the.we |
6f60 | 62 00 73 74 6f 72 61 67 65 20 6f 66 20 61 72 62 69 74 72 61 72 79 20 63 65 72 74 69 66 69 63 61 | b.storage.of.arbitrary.certifica |
6f80 | 74 65 20 66 69 65 6c 64 73 2c 20 72 65 61 63 74 69 76 65 20 61 75 64 69 74 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 | te.fields,.reactive.auditing.of. |
6fa0 | 63 6f 6d 70 6c 69 63 61 74 65 64 20 6c 6f 67 00 54 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 69 6e 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 | complicated.log.This.is.in.contr |
6fc0 | 61 73 74 20 74 6f 20 43 65 72 74 69 66 69 63 61 74 65 20 54 72 61 6e 73 70 61 72 65 6e 63 79 2c | ast.to.Certificate.Transparency, |
6fe0 | 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 73 20 41 53 4e 2e 31 20 70 61 72 73 69 6e 67 2c 00 00 | .which.requires.ASN.1.parsing,.. |
7000 | 61 64 00 00 16 00 00 00 3e 01 00 00 00 10 00 00 43 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 af 0f 00 00 5f 0f 00 00 | ad......>.......C..........._... |
7020 | 28 0f 00 00 d8 0e 00 00 c8 0e 00 00 7d 0e 00 00 5d 0e 00 00 0e 0e 00 00 ed 0d 00 00 ec 0d 00 00 | (...........}...]............... |
7040 | a3 0d 00 00 6f 0d 00 00 6e 0d 00 00 1f 0d 00 00 d1 0c 00 00 d0 0c 00 00 80 0c 00 00 34 0c 00 00 | ....o...n...................4... |
7060 | e4 0b 00 00 e3 0b 00 00 cb 0b 00 00 ac 0b 00 00 63 0b 00 00 13 0b 00 00 c8 0a 00 00 7d 0a 00 00 | ................c...........}... |
7080 | 7c 0a 00 00 2c 0a 00 00 dd 09 00 00 a4 09 00 00 a3 09 00 00 55 09 00 00 08 09 00 00 cd 08 00 00 | |...,...............U........... |
70a0 | cc 08 00 00 b0 08 00 00 62 08 00 00 17 08 00 00 db 07 00 00 da 07 00 00 8a 07 00 00 3a 07 00 00 | ........b...................:... |
70c0 | f1 06 00 00 f0 06 00 00 a6 06 00 00 57 06 00 00 06 06 00 00 b7 05 00 00 67 05 00 00 2a 05 00 00 | ............W...........g...*... |
70e0 | 29 05 00 00 de 04 00 00 8d 04 00 00 3f 04 00 00 f0 03 00 00 a1 03 00 00 45 03 00 00 44 03 00 00 | )...........?...........E...D... |
7100 | f4 02 00 00 a8 02 00 00 70 02 00 00 6f 02 00 00 22 02 00 00 d4 01 00 00 83 01 00 00 3f 01 00 00 | ........p...o..."...........?... |
7120 | 3e 01 00 00 3d 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 73 | >...=..........................s |
7140 | 69 67 6e 65 72 20 68 61 73 20 74 6f 20 77 61 69 74 20 66 6f 72 20 61 6e 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 73 69 | igner.has.to.wait.for.an.inclusi |
7160 | 6f 6e 20 70 72 6f 6f 66 20 61 6e 64 20 61 20 63 6f 73 69 67 6e 65 64 20 74 72 65 65 20 68 65 61 | on.proof.and.a.cosigned.tree.hea |
7180 | 64 2e 00 43 65 72 74 69 66 69 63 61 74 65 20 54 72 61 6e 73 70 61 72 65 6e 63 79 2e 20 20 54 68 | d..Certificate.Transparency...Th |
71a0 | 65 72 65 66 6f 72 65 2c 20 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 73 20 64 6f 20 6e 6f 74 20 70 72 6f 76 | erefore,.sigsum.logs.do.not.prov |
71c0 | 69 64 65 20 6c 6f 77 2d 6c 61 74 65 6e 63 79 2e 20 20 41 00 72 65 71 75 65 73 74 20 69 73 20 61 | ide.low-latency...A.request.is.a |
71e0 | 63 63 65 70 74 65 64 2e 20 20 54 68 65 72 65 20 61 72 65 20 68 6f 77 65 76 65 72 20 6e 6f 20 5f | ccepted...There.are.however.no._ |
7200 | 70 72 6f 6d 69 73 65 73 20 6f 66 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 5f 20 61 73 20 69 | promises.of.public.logging_.as.i |
7220 | 6e 00 41 20 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 20 5f 74 72 69 65 73 5f 20 74 6f 20 69 6e 63 6f 72 70 | n.A.sigsum.log._tries_.to.incorp |
7240 | 6f 72 61 74 65 20 61 20 6c 65 61 66 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 69 74 73 20 4d 65 72 6b 6c 65 20 74 72 65 | orate.a.leaf.into.its.Merkle.tre |
7260 | 65 20 69 66 20 61 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 00 00 6d 61 6e 61 67 65 6d 65 6e 74 2e 20 20 4f 75 72 | e.if.a.logging..management...Our |
7280 | 20 77 6f 72 6b 20 69 73 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 74 72 61 6e 73 70 61 72 65 6e 74 20 5f 6b 65 79 2d | .work.is.about.transparent._key- |
72a0 | 75 73 61 67 65 5f 2e 00 6d 6f 72 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 78 20 74 68 61 6e 20 74 68 61 74 2e 20 | usage_..more.complex.than.that.. |
72c0 | 20 41 20 73 65 70 61 72 61 74 65 20 70 72 6f 6a 65 63 74 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 66 6f 63 75 73 | .A.separate.project.should.focus |
72e0 | 20 6f 6e 20 74 72 61 6e 73 70 61 72 65 6e 74 20 6b 65 79 00 41 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 27 73 20 64 | .on.transparent.key.A.signer's.d |
7300 | 6f 6d 61 69 6e 20 68 69 6e 74 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 70 61 72 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f | omain.hint.is.not.part.of.the.lo |
7320 | 67 67 65 64 20 6c 65 61 66 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 6b 65 79 20 6d 61 6e 61 67 65 6d 65 6e 74 | gged.leaf.because.key.management |
7340 | 20 69 73 00 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5b 63 6f 73 6d 69 63 20 72 61 79 73 5d 28 68 74 74 70 73 | .is..........[cosmic.rays](https |
7360 | 3a 2f 2f 67 72 6f 75 70 73 2e 67 6f 6f 67 6c 65 2e 63 6f 6d 2f 61 2f 63 68 72 6f 6d 69 75 6d 2e | ://groups.google.com/a/chromium. |
7380 | 6f 72 67 2f 67 2f 63 74 2d 70 6f 6c 69 63 79 2f 63 2f 50 43 6b 4b 55 33 35 37 4d 32 51 2f 29 2e | org/g/ct-policy/c/PCkKU357M2Q/). |
73a0 | 00 6d 6f 72 65 20 74 68 61 6e 20 6f 6e 65 20 6c 6f 67 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 72 65 6c 69 61 62 6c | .more.than.one.log.to.be.reliabl |
73c0 | 65 20 69 6e 20 63 61 73 65 20 6f 66 20 64 6f 77 6e 74 69 6d 65 20 6f 72 20 75 6e 65 78 70 65 63 | e.in.case.of.downtime.or.unexpec |
73e0 | 74 65 64 20 65 76 65 6e 74 73 20 6c 69 6b 65 00 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 20 63 6f 6f 72 64 69 6e 61 | ted.events.like.without.coordina |
7400 | 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 69 6d 70 6f 72 74 61 6e 74 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 | tion...This.is.important.because |
7420 | 20 61 20 68 65 61 6c 74 68 79 20 6c 6f 67 20 65 63 6f 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 6e 65 65 64 73 00 74 | .a.healthy.log.ecosystem.needs.t |
7440 | 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 61 6e 74 69 2d 73 70 61 6d 20 6d 65 63 68 61 6e 69 73 6d | hat.the.same.anti-spam.mechanism |
7460 | 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 61 63 72 6f 73 73 20 73 65 76 65 72 61 6c 20 69 6e 64 65 | .can.be.used.across.several.inde |
7480 | 70 65 6e 64 65 6e 74 20 6c 6f 67 73 00 64 6f 6d 61 69 6e 20 6e 61 6d 65 2e 20 20 41 20 73 69 6e | pendent.logs.domain.name...A.sin |
74a0 | 67 6c 65 20 64 6f 6d 61 69 6e 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 69 73 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 72 65 6c 61 74 69 76 65 | gle.domain.name.is.also.relative |
74c0 | 6c 79 20 63 68 65 61 70 2e 20 20 41 6e 6f 74 68 65 72 20 62 65 6e 65 66 69 74 20 69 73 00 55 73 | ly.cheap...Another.benefit.is.Us |
74e0 | 69 6e 67 20 44 4e 53 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 6d 62 61 74 20 73 70 61 6d 20 69 73 20 63 6f 6e 76 65 6e | ing.DNS.to.combat.spam.is.conven |
7500 | 69 65 6e 74 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 73 20 61 6c 72 65 61 64 | ient.because.many.signers.alread |
7520 | 79 20 68 61 76 65 20 61 00 00 6c 6f 67 20 69 6e 20 61 6e 79 20 73 69 67 6e 69 66 69 63 61 6e 74 | y.have.a..log.in.any.significant |
7540 | 20 77 61 79 20 69 66 20 72 61 74 65 20 6c 69 6d 69 74 73 20 61 72 65 20 6e 6f 74 20 74 6f 6f 20 | .way.if.rate.limits.are.not.too. |
7560 | 6c 6f 6f 73 65 2e 00 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 2d 6c 65 76 65 6c 20 64 6f 6d 61 69 6e 2e 20 20 59 6f 75 | loose..second-level.domain...You |
7580 | 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 6e 65 65 64 20 61 20 6c 61 72 67 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 64 6f | .would.need.a.large.number.of.do |
75a0 | 6d 61 69 6e 20 6e 61 6d 65 73 20 74 6f 20 73 70 61 6d 20 74 68 65 00 64 6f 6d 61 69 6e 20 74 68 | main.names.to.spam.the.domain.th |
75c0 | 61 74 20 69 73 20 61 77 61 72 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6f | at.is.aware.of.their.verificatio |
75e0 | 6e 20 6b 65 79 2c 20 72 61 74 65 20 6c 69 6d 69 74 73 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 61 70 70 6c 69 65 | n.key,.rate.limits.can.be.applie |
7600 | 64 20 70 65 72 00 6d 61 74 63 68 20 74 68 65 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 63 61 74 | d.per.match.the.public.verificat |
7620 | 69 6f 6e 20 6b 65 79 20 68 61 73 68 2e 20 20 42 79 20 76 65 72 69 66 79 69 6e 67 20 74 68 61 74 | ion.key.hash...By.verifying.that |
7640 | 20 61 6c 6c 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 73 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 61 00 72 65 73 6f 75 72 63 65 20 | .all.signers.control.a.resource. |
7660 | 72 65 63 6f 72 64 20 62 61 73 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 64 20 64 6f 6d | record.based.on.the.provided.dom |
7680 | 61 69 6e 20 6e 61 6d 65 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 64 6f 77 6e 6c 6f 61 64 65 64 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 | ain.name...The.downloaded.result |
76a0 | 20 6d 75 73 74 00 54 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 73 75 62 6d 69 74 73 20 61 20 | .must.The.signer.also.submits.a. |
76c0 | 5f 64 6f 6d 61 69 6e 20 68 69 6e 74 5f 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 6c 6f 67 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 64 6f 77 | _domain.hint_...The.log.will.dow |
76e0 | 6e 6c 6f 61 64 20 61 20 44 4e 53 20 54 58 54 00 00 74 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 61 74 75 72 65 20 69 | nload.a.DNS.TXT..the.signature.i |
7700 | 73 20 76 61 6c 69 64 2c 20 74 68 65 6e 20 68 61 73 68 65 73 20 69 74 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 6e 73 74 | s.valid,.then.hashes.it.to.const |
7720 | 72 75 63 74 20 74 68 65 20 6c 65 61 66 27 73 20 6b 65 79 20 68 61 73 68 2e 00 6b 65 79 20 61 73 | ruct.the.leaf's.key.hash..key.as |
7740 | 20 6b 65 79 2d 76 61 6c 75 65 20 70 61 69 72 73 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 6c 6f 67 20 75 73 65 73 20 | .key-value.pairs...The.log.uses. |
7760 | 74 68 65 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6b 65 79 20 74 6f 20 63 | the.public.verification.key.to.c |
7780 | 68 65 63 6b 20 74 68 61 74 00 41 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 20 73 75 62 6d 69 74 73 20 74 68 65 69 72 | heck.that.A.signer.submits.their |
77a0 | 20 73 68 61 72 64 20 68 69 6e 74 2c 20 63 68 65 63 6b 73 75 6d 2c 20 73 69 67 6e 61 74 75 72 65 | .shard.hint,.checksum,.signature |
77c0 | 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 00 00 62 65 63 61 75 | ,.and.public.verification..becau |
77e0 | 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 65 78 63 68 61 6e 67 65 64 20 64 61 74 61 20 73 74 72 75 63 74 75 72 65 73 | se.the.exchanged.data.structures |
7800 | 20 61 72 65 20 70 72 69 6d 69 74 69 76 65 20 65 6e 6f 75 67 68 2e 00 75 73 65 73 20 61 20 73 69 | .are.primitive.enough..uses.a.si |
7820 | 6d 70 6c 65 20 41 53 43 49 49 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 2e 20 20 41 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c | mple.ASCII.format...A.more.compl |
7840 | 65 78 20 70 61 72 73 65 72 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 4a 53 4f 4e 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 6e 65 65 64 65 | ex.parser.like.JSON.is.not.neede |
7860 | 64 00 53 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 73 20 69 6d 70 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 61 6e 20 48 54 54 50 28 | d.Sigsum.logs.implement.an.HTTP( |
7880 | 53 29 20 41 50 49 2e 20 20 49 6e 70 75 74 20 61 6e 64 20 6f 75 74 70 75 74 20 69 73 20 68 75 6d | S).API...Input.and.output.is.hum |
78a0 | 61 6e 2d 72 65 61 64 61 62 6c 65 20 61 6e 64 00 23 23 23 23 20 33 2e 32 2e 32 20 2d 20 53 75 62 | an-readable.and.####.3.2.2.-.Sub |
78c0 | 6d 69 74 20 72 65 71 75 65 73 74 00 00 70 61 72 74 20 6f 66 20 61 20 64 65 66 65 6e 73 65 20 6d | mit.request..part.of.a.defense.m |
78e0 | 65 63 68 61 6e 69 73 6d 20 74 68 61 74 20 68 65 6c 70 73 20 75 73 20 63 6f 6d 62 61 74 20 6c 6f | echanism.that.helps.us.combat.lo |
7900 | 67 20 73 70 61 6d 2e 00 63 68 65 63 6b 20 74 68 61 74 20 5f 73 6f 6d 65 20 64 6f 6d 61 69 6e 5f | g.spam..check.that._some.domain_ |
7920 | 20 69 73 20 61 77 61 72 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 27 73 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 | .is.aware.of.the.signer's.verifi |
7940 | 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6b 65 79 2e 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 69 73 00 54 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 20 | cation.key...This.is.The.signer. |
7960 | 61 6c 73 6f 20 68 61 73 20 74 6f 20 64 6f 20 61 20 6f 6e 65 2d 74 69 6d 65 20 44 4e 53 20 73 65 | also.has.to.do.a.one-time.DNS.se |
7980 | 74 75 70 2e 20 20 41 73 20 6f 75 74 6c 69 6e 65 64 20 62 65 6c 6f 77 2c 20 6c 6f 67 73 20 77 69 | tup...As.outlined.below,.logs.wi |
79a0 | 6c 6c 00 00 72 65 70 6c 61 79 65 64 20 69 6e 20 61 20 6e 6f 6e 2d 6f 76 65 72 6c 61 70 70 69 6e | ll..replayed.in.a.non-overlappin |
79c0 | 67 20 73 68 61 72 64 20 62 79 20 61 20 67 6f 6f 64 20 53 61 6d 61 72 69 74 61 6e 2e 00 69 6e 63 | g.shard.by.a.good.Samaritan..inc |
79e0 | 6f 72 70 6f 72 61 74 65 64 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 65 64 20 73 74 61 74 65 6d | orporated.into.the.signed.statem |
7a00 | 65 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 65 6e 73 75 72 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 20 6c 6f 67 27 73 20 6c 65 61 76 65 | ent.to.ensure.that.a.log's.leave |
7a20 | 73 20 63 61 6e 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 00 54 68 65 20 73 65 6c 65 63 74 65 64 20 73 68 61 72 64 20 68 | s.cannot.be.The.selected.shard.h |
7a40 | 69 6e 74 20 61 6e 64 20 63 68 65 63 6b 73 75 6d 20 61 72 65 20 73 69 67 6e 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 | int.and.checksum.are.signed.by.t |
7a60 | 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 2e 20 20 41 20 73 68 61 72 64 20 68 69 6e 74 20 69 73 00 00 68 61 73 | he.signer...A.shard.hint.is..has |
7a80 | 68 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 69 74 20 63 6f 75 | h.function...For.example,.it.cou |
7aa0 | 6c 64 20 62 65 20 74 68 65 20 68 61 73 68 20 6f 66 20 61 6e 20 65 78 65 63 75 74 61 62 6c 65 20 | ld.be.the.hash.of.an.executable. |
7ac0 | 62 69 6e 61 72 79 2e 00 61 63 74 69 76 65 20 64 75 72 69 6e 67 20 32 30 32 31 22 2e 20 20 54 68 | binary..active.during.2021"...Th |
7ae0 | 65 20 73 65 6c 65 63 74 65 64 20 63 68 65 63 6b 73 75 6d 20 69 73 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 6c 69 6b 65 | e.selected.checksum.is.most.like |
7b00 | 6c 79 20 74 68 65 20 6f 75 74 70 75 74 20 6f 66 20 61 00 73 65 6c 65 63 74 65 64 20 73 68 61 72 | ly.the.output.of.a.selected.shar |
7b20 | 64 20 68 69 6e 74 20 72 65 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 73 20 61 6e 20 61 62 73 74 72 61 63 74 20 73 74 | d.hint.represents.an.abstract.st |
7b40 | 61 74 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 22 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 | atement.like."sigsum.logs.that.a |
7b60 | 72 65 00 41 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 20 73 65 6c 65 63 74 73 20 61 20 73 68 61 72 64 20 68 69 6e 74 | re.A.signer.selects.a.shard.hint |
7b80 | 20 61 6e 64 20 61 20 63 68 65 63 6b 73 75 6d 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 6c | .and.a.checksum.that.should.be.l |
7ba0 | 6f 67 67 65 64 2e 20 20 54 68 65 00 23 23 23 23 20 33 2e 32 2e 31 20 2d 20 50 72 65 70 61 72 65 | ogged...The.####.3.2.1.-.Prepare |
7bc0 | 20 61 20 72 65 71 75 65 73 74 00 23 23 23 20 33 2e 32 20 2d 20 55 73 61 67 65 20 70 61 74 74 65 | .a.request.###.3.2.-.Usage.patte |
7be0 | 72 6e 00 00 6f 74 68 65 72 20 77 6f 72 64 73 2c 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 65 72 73 20 61 6e 64 20 6d | rn..other.words,.verifiers.and.m |
7c00 | 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 73 20 6d 75 73 74 20 6c 6f 63 61 74 65 20 6b 65 79 73 20 61 6e 64 20 74 72 75 | onitors.must.locate.keys.and.tru |
7c20 | 73 74 20 74 68 65 6d 20 65 78 70 6c 69 63 69 74 6c 79 2e 00 74 68 65 20 6c 69 6b 65 6c 69 68 6f | st.them.explicitly..the.likeliho |
7c40 | 6f 64 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 6e 20 75 6e 74 72 75 73 74 65 64 20 6b 65 79 20 69 73 20 64 69 73 63 | od.that.an.untrusted.key.is.disc |
7c60 | 6f 76 65 72 65 64 20 61 6e 64 20 75 73 65 64 20 62 79 20 6d 69 73 74 61 6b 65 2e 20 20 49 6e 00 | overed.and.used.by.mistake...In. |
7c80 | 4e 6f 74 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 20 6b 65 79 20 68 61 73 68 20 69 73 20 6c 6f 67 67 65 64 20 72 | Note.that.a.key.hash.is.logged.r |
7ca0 | 61 74 68 65 72 20 74 68 61 6e 20 74 68 65 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 20 6b 65 79 20 69 74 73 65 6c 66 | ather.than.the.public.key.itself |
7cc0 | 2e 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 72 65 64 75 63 65 73 00 00 64 61 74 61 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 20 63 68 65 | ...This.reduces..data.that.a.che |
7ce0 | 63 6b 73 75 6d 20 72 65 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 73 2e 20 20 57 68 65 72 65 20 64 61 74 61 20 69 73 | cksum.represents...Where.data.is |
7d00 | 20 6c 6f 63 61 74 65 64 20 69 73 20 75 73 65 2d 63 61 73 65 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 69 63 2e 00 41 | .located.is.use-case.specific..A |
7d20 | 6e 79 20 61 64 64 69 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 6d 65 74 61 64 61 74 61 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 75 | ny.additional.metadata.that.is.u |
7d40 | 73 65 2d 63 61 73 65 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 69 63 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 73 74 6f 72 65 64 20 61 | se-case.specific.can.be.stored.a |
7d60 | 73 20 70 61 72 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 00 00 6e 6f 6e 2d 6f 76 65 72 6c 61 70 70 69 6e 67 20 73 | s.part.of.the..non-overlapping.s |
7d80 | 68 61 72 64 2e 20 20 53 65 65 20 64 65 74 61 69 6c 73 20 69 6e 20 53 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 34 2e | hard...See.details.in.Section.4. |
7da0 | 32 2e 00 41 20 73 68 61 72 64 20 68 69 6e 74 20 69 73 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 | 2..A.shard.hint.is.included.in.t |
7dc0 | 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 65 64 20 73 74 61 74 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 70 72 65 76 65 6e 74 20 72 | he.signed.statement.to.prevent.r |
7de0 | 65 70 6c 61 79 73 20 69 6e 20 61 00 00 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 76 65 72 69 66 79 20 74 | eplays.in.a..be.used.to.verify.t |
7e00 | 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 61 74 75 72 65 2e 00 2d 20 2a 2a 6b 65 79 5f 68 61 73 68 2a 2a 3a 20 61 20 | he.signature..-.**key_hash**:.a. |
7e20 | 63 72 79 70 74 6f 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 20 68 61 73 68 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 | cryptographic.hash.of.the.signer |
7e40 | 27 73 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6b 65 79 20 74 68 61 74 20 63 61 6e 00 6c 65 61 | 's.verification.key.that.can.lea |
7e60 | 66 27 73 20 73 68 61 72 64 20 68 69 6e 74 20 61 6e 64 20 63 68 65 63 6b 73 75 6d 2e 00 2d 20 2a | f's.shard.hint.and.checksum..-.* |
7e80 | 2a 73 69 67 6e 61 74 75 72 65 2a 2a 3a 20 61 20 64 69 67 69 74 61 6c 20 73 69 67 6e 61 74 75 72 | *signature**:.a.digital.signatur |
7ea0 | 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 63 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 61 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 20 6f | e.that.is.computed.by.a.signer.o |
7ec0 | 76 65 72 20 74 68 65 00 6a 75 73 74 20 63 68 65 63 6b 73 75 6d 73 2e 00 2d 20 2a 2a 63 68 65 63 | ver.the.just.checksums..-.**chec |
7ee0 | 6b 73 75 6d 2a 2a 3a 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 6c 69 6b 65 6c 79 20 61 20 68 61 73 68 20 6f 66 20 73 6f | ksum**:.most.likely.a.hash.of.so |
7f00 | 6d 65 20 64 61 74 61 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 6c 6f 67 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 61 77 61 72 65 20 6f | me.data...The.log.is.not.aware.o |
7f20 | 66 20 64 61 74 61 3b 00 61 72 65 20 61 63 63 65 70 74 65 64 2e 20 20 4f 6e 63 65 20 65 6c 61 70 | f.data;.are.accepted...Once.elap |
7f40 | 73 65 64 2c 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 67 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 73 68 75 74 20 64 6f 77 6e 2e 00 53 | sed,.the.log.can.be.shut.down..S |
7f60 | 68 61 72 64 69 6e 67 20 6d 65 61 6e 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 67 20 68 61 73 20 61 | harding.means.that.the.log.has.a |
7f80 | 20 70 72 65 64 65 66 69 6e 65 64 20 74 69 6d 65 20 64 75 72 69 6e 67 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 6c 6f | .predefined.time.during.which.lo |
7fa0 | 67 67 69 6e 67 20 72 65 71 75 65 73 74 73 00 2d 20 2a 2a 73 68 61 72 64 5f 68 69 6e 74 2a 2a 3a | gging.requests.-.**shard_hint**: |
7fc0 | 20 61 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 74 68 61 74 20 62 69 6e 64 73 20 74 68 65 20 6c 65 61 66 20 74 6f | .a.number.that.binds.the.leaf.to |
7fe0 | 20 61 20 70 61 72 74 69 63 75 6c 61 72 20 5f 73 68 61 72 64 20 69 6e 74 65 72 76 61 6c 5f 2e 00 | .a.particular._shard.interval_.. |
8000 | 61 64 00 00 23 00 00 00 4f 01 00 00 00 10 00 00 44 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 d8 0f 00 00 87 0f 00 00 | ad..#...O.......D............... |
8020 | 3c 0f 00 00 ec 0e 00 00 9c 0e 00 00 9b 0e 00 00 4e 0e 00 00 fe 0d 00 00 d5 0d 00 00 8e 0d 00 00 | <...............N............... |
8040 | 45 0d 00 00 f6 0c 00 00 97 0c 00 00 96 0c 00 00 4d 0c 00 00 4c 0c 00 00 32 0c 00 00 e5 0b 00 00 | E...............M...L...2....... |
8060 | 95 0b 00 00 55 0b 00 00 54 0b 00 00 4a 0b 00 00 07 0b 00 00 06 0b 00 00 f8 0a 00 00 ac 0a 00 00 | ....U...T...J................... |
8080 | 5f 0a 00 00 5e 0a 00 00 53 0a 00 00 19 0a 00 00 18 0a 00 00 fe 09 00 00 b3 09 00 00 75 09 00 00 | _...^...S...................u... |
80a0 | 2d 09 00 00 e4 08 00 00 cf 08 00 00 81 08 00 00 80 08 00 00 36 08 00 00 e5 07 00 00 95 07 00 00 | -...................6........... |
80c0 | 49 07 00 00 fa 06 00 00 b9 06 00 00 b8 06 00 00 a0 06 00 00 4e 06 00 00 00 06 00 00 b1 05 00 00 | I...................N........... |
80e0 | 61 05 00 00 60 05 00 00 10 05 00 00 bd 04 00 00 6d 04 00 00 1f 04 00 00 d4 03 00 00 d3 03 00 00 | a...`...........m............... |
8100 | c1 03 00 00 74 03 00 00 23 03 00 00 da 02 00 00 8c 02 00 00 40 02 00 00 3f 02 00 00 f0 01 00 00 | ....t...#...........@...?....... |
8120 | 9f 01 00 00 4f 01 00 00 4e 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | ....O...N....................... |
8140 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 4e 6f 20 64 61 74 61 20 61 6e 64 20 72 69 63 68 20 | ...............No.data.and.rich. |
8160 | 6d 65 74 61 64 61 74 61 20 69 73 20 6c 6f 67 67 65 64 20 74 6f 20 70 72 6f 74 65 63 74 20 74 68 | metadata.is.logged.to.protect.th |
8180 | 65 20 6c 6f 67 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 6f 72 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 70 6f 69 73 6f 6e 69 6e 67 2e 00 41 | e.log.operator.from.poisoning..A |
81a0 | 50 49 2e 20 20 41 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 20 6d 75 73 74 20 70 72 6f 76 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 | PI...A.signer.must.prove.that.th |
81c0 | 65 79 20 6f 77 6e 20 61 20 64 6f 6d 61 69 6e 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 61 73 20 61 6e 20 61 6e 74 69 2d | ey.own.a.domain.name.as.an.anti- |
81e0 | 73 70 61 6d 20 6d 65 63 68 61 6e 69 73 6d 2e 00 53 69 67 6e 65 72 73 2c 20 6d 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 | spam.mechanism..Signers,.monitor |
8200 | 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 77 69 74 6e 65 73 73 65 73 20 69 6e 74 65 72 61 63 74 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 | s,.and.witnesses.interact.with.t |
8220 | 68 65 20 6c 6f 67 73 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 61 6e 20 41 53 43 49 49 20 48 54 54 50 28 53 29 00 00 | he.logs.using.an.ASCII.HTTP(S).. |
8240 | 68 65 61 64 20 69 73 20 63 6f 72 72 65 63 74 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 20 63 6f 73 69 67 6e 69 6e 67 | head.is.correct.before.cosigning |
8260 | 2e 20 20 43 6f 72 72 65 63 74 20 72 65 66 65 72 73 20 74 6f 20 66 72 65 73 68 20 61 6e 64 20 61 | ...Correct.refers.to.fresh.and.a |
8280 | 70 70 65 6e 64 2d 6f 6e 6c 79 2e 00 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 65 6e 6f 75 67 68 20 69 | ppend-only..controlling.enough.i |
82a0 | 6e 64 65 70 65 6e 64 65 6e 74 20 77 69 74 6e 65 73 73 65 73 2e 20 20 41 20 77 69 74 6e 65 73 73 | ndependent.witnesses...A.witness |
82c0 | 20 63 68 65 63 6b 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 20 6c 6f 67 27 73 20 74 72 65 65 00 54 68 65 20 64 69 | .checks.that.a.log's.tree.The.di |
82e0 | 66 66 69 63 75 6c 74 79 20 6f 66 20 62 79 70 61 73 73 69 6e 67 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 20 6c 6f 67 | fficulty.of.bypassing.public.log |
8300 | 67 69 6e 67 20 69 73 20 62 61 73 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 66 66 69 63 75 6c 74 79 20 | ging.is.based.on.the.difficulty. |
8320 | 6f 66 00 73 68 75 74 20 64 6f 77 6e 20 5f 73 61 66 65 6c 79 5f 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 76 65 | of.shut.down._safely_.because.ve |
8340 | 72 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 65 72 2d 73 69 64 65 20 | rification.on.the.verifier-side. |
8360 | 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 69 6e 74 65 72 61 63 74 69 76 65 2e 00 53 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 73 20 | is.not.interactive..Sigsum.logs. |
8380 | 61 72 65 20 73 68 61 72 64 65 64 20 61 6e 64 20 73 68 75 74 20 64 6f 77 6e 20 61 74 20 70 72 65 | are.sharded.and.shut.down.at.pre |
83a0 | 64 65 66 69 6e 65 64 20 74 69 6d 65 73 2e 20 20 41 20 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 20 63 61 6e | defined.times...A.sigsum.log.can |
83c0 | 00 23 23 23 20 33 2e 33 20 2d 20 53 75 6d 6d 61 72 79 00 00 61 67 61 69 6e 73 74 20 61 20 73 69 | .###.3.3.-.Summary..against.a.si |
83e0 | 67 6e 65 72 27 73 20 64 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 65 64 20 69 6e 66 72 61 73 74 72 75 63 74 75 72 | gner's.distributed.infrastructur |
8400 | 65 2e 20 20 41 20 6d 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 20 6d 61 79 20 64 65 74 65 63 74 20 74 68 61 74 2e 00 73 | e...A.monitor.may.detect.that..s |
8420 | 65 72 76 65 20 70 72 6f 6f 66 73 20 6f 66 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 20 63 6f | erve.proofs.of.public.logging.co |
8440 | 75 6c 64 20 69 6e 64 69 63 61 74 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 69 73 20 61 6e 20 6f 6e | uld.indicate.that.there.is.an.on |
8460 | 67 6f 69 6e 67 20 61 74 74 61 63 6b 00 69 6e 20 53 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 33 2e 32 2e 35 2e 20 20 | going.attack.in.Section.3.2.5... |
8480 | 46 6f 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 74 68 65 20 66 61 63 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 20 64 69 73 | For.example,.the.fact.that.a.dis |
84a0 | 74 72 69 62 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 6d 65 63 68 61 6e 69 73 6d 20 64 6f 65 73 20 6e 6f 74 00 65 76 65 | tribution.mechanism.does.not.eve |
84c0 | 6e 20 69 66 20 61 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 65 72 20 66 61 69 6c 73 20 6f 70 65 6e 20 62 79 20 65 6e | n.if.a.verifier.fails.open.by.en |
84e0 | 66 6f 72 63 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 74 68 69 72 64 20 61 6e 64 20 66 6f 75 72 74 68 20 63 72 69 | forcing.the.third.and.fourth.cri |
8500 | 74 65 72 69 61 20 70 61 72 74 69 61 6c 6c 79 00 49 74 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 62 | teria.partially.It.should.also.b |
8520 | 65 20 6e 6f 74 65 64 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 20 63 61 6e 20 | e.noted.that.sigsum.logging.can. |
8540 | 66 61 63 69 6c 69 74 61 74 65 20 64 65 74 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 61 74 74 61 63 6b 73 00 | facilitate.detection.of.attacks. |
8560 | 00 6d 61 79 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 6e 65 65 64 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 61 77 61 72 65 20 6f 66 20 68 6f | .may.also.need.to.be.aware.of.ho |
8580 | 77 20 74 6f 20 6c 6f 63 61 74 65 20 74 68 65 20 64 61 74 61 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 20 63 68 65 63 | w.to.locate.the.data.that.a.chec |
85a0 | 6b 73 75 6d 20 72 65 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 73 2e 00 73 70 65 63 69 66 69 63 20 69 6e 20 73 69 67 | ksum.represents..specific.in.sig |
85c0 | 73 75 6d 2e 20 20 41 74 20 6d 69 6e 69 6d 75 6d 2c 20 79 6f 75 20 6e 65 65 64 20 74 6f 20 6c 6f | sum...At.minimum,.you.need.to.lo |
85e0 | 63 61 74 65 20 72 65 6c 65 76 61 6e 74 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 20 6b 65 79 73 2e 20 20 59 6f 75 00 | cate.relevant.public.keys...You. |
8600 | 74 72 61 63 6b 20 6f 66 20 77 68 61 74 20 61 70 70 65 61 72 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 70 75 62 | track.of.what.appears.in.the.pub |
8620 | 6c 69 63 20 6c 6f 67 73 2e 20 20 4d 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 69 6e 67 20 69 73 20 6e 65 63 65 73 73 61 | lic.logs...Monitoring.is.necessa |
8640 | 72 69 6c 79 20 75 73 65 2d 63 61 73 65 00 41 6e 20 6f 66 74 65 6e 20 6f 76 65 72 6c 6f 6f 6b 65 | rily.use-case.An.often.overlooke |
8660 | 64 20 73 74 65 70 20 69 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 72 61 6e 73 70 61 72 65 6e 63 79 20 6c 6f 67 67 | d.step.is.that.transparency.logg |
8680 | 69 6e 67 20 66 61 6c 6c 73 20 73 68 6f 72 74 20 69 66 20 6e 6f 2d 6f 6e 65 20 6b 65 65 70 73 00 | ing.falls.short.if.no-one.keeps. |
86a0 | 23 23 23 23 20 33 2e 32 2e 36 20 2d 20 4d 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 69 6e 67 00 00 75 6e 6c 65 73 73 20 | ####.3.2.6.-.Monitoring..unless. |
86c0 | 74 68 65 20 61 74 74 61 63 6b 65 72 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 73 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 74 68 61 6e 20 | the.attacker.controls.more.than. |
86e0 | 61 20 74 68 72 65 73 68 6f 6c 64 20 6f 66 20 77 69 74 6e 65 73 73 65 73 2e 00 74 72 69 63 6b 65 | a.threshold.of.witnesses..tricke |
8700 | 64 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 61 63 63 65 70 74 69 6e 67 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 64 61 74 61 20 77 68 6f 73 65 | d.into.accepting.some.data.whose |
8720 | 20 63 68 65 63 6b 73 75 6d 20 68 61 76 65 20 79 65 74 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 6c | .checksum.have.yet.to.be.publicl |
8740 | 79 20 6c 6f 67 67 65 64 00 75 73 69 6e 67 20 61 20 76 61 72 69 61 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 77 69 74 6e | y.logged.using.a.variant.of.witn |
8760 | 65 73 73 20 63 6f 73 69 67 6e 69 6e 67 2e 20 20 49 6e 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 77 6f 72 64 73 2c 20 | ess.cosigning...In.other.words,. |
8780 | 61 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 65 72 20 63 61 6e 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 00 61 6e 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 73 69 6f | a.verifier.cannot.be.an.inclusio |
87a0 | 6e 20 70 72 6f 6f 66 20 6c 65 61 64 73 20 75 70 20 74 6f 2e 20 20 53 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 | n.proof.leads.up.to...Sigsum.log |
87c0 | 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 74 72 75 73 74 77 6f 72 74 68 79 20 74 72 65 65 20 68 65 61 64 73 20 64 75 | s.have.trustworthy.tree.heads.du |
87e0 | 65 20 74 6f 00 54 68 65 72 65 66 6f 72 65 2c 20 61 20 70 72 6f 6f 66 20 6f 66 20 70 75 62 6c 69 | e.to.Therefore,.a.proof.of.publi |
8800 | 63 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 20 69 73 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 61 73 20 63 6f 6e 76 69 6e 63 69 6e 67 20 | c.logging.is.only.as.convincing. |
8820 | 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 74 72 65 65 20 68 65 61 64 20 74 68 61 74 00 4e 6f 74 69 63 65 20 74 68 61 | as.the.tree.head.that.Notice.tha |
8840 | 74 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 61 72 65 20 6e 6f 20 6e 65 77 20 6f 75 74 62 6f 75 6e 64 20 6e 65 74 77 | t.there.are.no.new.outbound.netw |
8860 | 6f 72 6b 20 63 6f 6e 6e 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 66 6f 72 20 61 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 65 72 2e 00 | ork.connections.for.a.verifier.. |
8880 | 00 34 2e 20 54 68 65 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 64 20 74 72 65 65 20 68 65 61 64 20 69 73 20 66 72 | .4..The.provided.tree.head.is.fr |
88a0 | 6f 6d 20 61 20 6b 6e 6f 77 6e 20 6c 6f 67 20 77 69 74 68 20 65 6e 6f 75 67 68 20 76 61 6c 69 64 | om.a.known.log.with.enough.valid |
88c0 | 20 63 6f 73 69 67 6e 61 74 75 72 65 73 2e 00 69 74 73 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 73 69 6f 6e 20 70 72 6f | .cosignatures..its.inclusion.pro |
88e0 | 6f 66 2e 00 33 2e 20 54 68 65 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 64 20 74 72 65 65 20 68 65 61 64 20 63 61 | of..3..The.provided.tree.head.ca |
8900 | 6e 20 62 65 20 72 65 63 6f 6e 73 74 72 75 63 74 65 64 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 67 67 | n.be.reconstructed.from.the.logg |
8920 | 65 64 20 6c 65 61 66 20 61 6e 64 20 00 32 2e 20 54 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 27 73 20 73 69 67 | ed.leaf.and..2..The.signer's.sig |
8940 | 6e 65 64 20 73 74 61 74 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 73 20 76 61 6c 69 64 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 73 | ned.statement.is.valid.for.the.s |
8960 | 70 65 63 69 66 69 65 64 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 20 6b 65 79 2e 00 31 2e 20 54 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e | pecified.public.key..1..The.sign |
8980 | 65 72 27 73 20 63 68 65 63 6b 73 75 6d 20 69 73 20 63 6f 72 72 65 63 74 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 | er's.checksum.is.correct.for.the |
89a0 | 20 64 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 65 64 20 64 61 74 61 2e 00 41 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 65 72 20 73 68 | .distributed.data..A.verifier.sh |
89c0 | 6f 75 6c 64 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 61 63 63 65 70 74 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 65 64 | ould.only.accept.the.distributed |
89e0 | 20 64 61 74 61 20 69 66 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 63 72 69 74 65 72 69 61 20 68 6f 6c 64 3a 00 23 23 | .data.if.these.criteria.hold:.## |
8a00 | 23 23 20 33 2e 32 2e 35 20 2d 20 56 65 72 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 00 00 61 6e 20 69 6e 63 6c | ##.3.2.5.-.Verification..an.incl |
8a20 | 75 73 69 6f 6e 20 70 72 6f 6f 66 20 74 68 61 74 20 6c 65 61 64 73 20 75 70 20 74 6f 20 61 20 63 | usion.proof.that.leads.up.to.a.c |
8a40 | 6f 73 69 67 6e 65 64 20 74 72 65 65 20 68 65 61 64 2e 00 2a 2a 50 72 6f 6f 66 3a 2a 2a 00 00 63 | osigned.tree.head..**Proof:**..c |
8a60 | 6f 6d 62 69 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 64 61 74 61 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 65 74 61 64 61 74 61 20 | ombination.of.data.and.metadata. |
8a80 | 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 72 65 63 6f 6e 73 74 72 75 63 74 20 74 68 65 20 6c | can.be.used.to.reconstruct.the.l |
8aa0 | 6f 67 67 65 64 20 6c 65 61 66 2e 00 61 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 27 73 20 73 68 61 72 64 20 68 69 6e | ogged.leaf..a.signer's.shard.hin |
8ac0 | 74 2c 20 73 69 67 6e 61 74 75 72 65 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 76 65 72 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6b | t,.signature,.and.verification.k |
8ae0 | 65 79 20 68 61 73 68 2e 20 20 4e 6f 74 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 00 2a 2a 4d 65 74 61 64 61 | ey.hash...Note.that.the.**Metada |
8b00 | 74 61 3a 2a 2a 00 00 74 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 27 73 20 64 61 74 61 2e 20 20 49 74 20 63 61 | ta:**..the.signer's.data...It.ca |
8b20 | 6e 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 72 65 70 72 6f 64 75 63 65 20 61 20 6c 6f 67 67 65 64 20 | n.be.used.to.reproduce.a.logged. |
8b40 | 63 68 65 63 6b 73 75 6d 2e 00 2a 2a 44 61 74 61 3a 2a 2a 00 00 74 68 65 20 64 61 74 61 2e 20 20 | checksum..**Data:**..the.data... |
8b60 | 46 6f 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 6f 6e 20 61 20 77 65 62 73 69 74 65 2c 20 69 6e 20 61 20 | For.example,.on.a.website,.in.a. |
8b80 | 67 69 74 20 72 65 70 6f 73 69 74 6f 72 79 2c 20 65 74 63 2e 00 73 74 61 72 74 2e 20 20 44 69 73 | git.repository,.etc..start...Dis |
8ba0 | 74 72 69 62 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 68 61 70 70 65 6e 73 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 | tribution.happens.using.the.same |
8bc0 | 20 6d 65 63 68 61 6e 69 73 6d 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 72 6d 61 6c 6c 79 20 75 73 65 64 | .mechanism.that.is.normally.used |
8be0 | 20 66 6f 72 00 41 66 74 65 72 20 61 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 20 63 6f 6c 6c 65 63 74 65 64 20 70 72 | .for.After.a.signer.collected.pr |
8c00 | 6f 6f 66 73 20 6f 66 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 73 74 72 | oofs.of.public.logging.the.distr |
8c20 | 69 62 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 70 68 61 73 65 20 63 61 6e 00 23 23 23 23 20 33 2e 32 2e 34 20 2d 20 44 | ibution.phase.can.####.3.2.4.-.D |
8c40 | 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 69 6f 6e 00 00 55 73 65 2d 63 61 73 65 73 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 69 6e 73 74 | istribution..Use-cases.like.inst |
8c60 | 61 6e 74 20 63 65 72 74 69 66 69 63 61 74 65 20 69 73 73 75 61 6e 63 65 20 61 72 65 20 6e 6f 74 | ant.certificate.issuance.are.not |
8c80 | 20 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 64 65 73 69 67 6e 2e 00 00 09 5b 47 34 5c 5d 5d 28 68 | .supported.by.design....[G4\]](h |
8ca0 | 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 64 6f 63 73 2e 67 6f 6f 67 6c 65 2e 63 6f 6d 2f 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 2f | ttps://docs.google.com/document/ |
8cc0 | 64 2f 31 36 47 2d 51 37 69 4e 33 6b 42 34 36 47 53 57 35 62 2d 73 66 48 35 4d 4f 33 6e 4b 53 59 | d/16G-Q7iN3kB46GSW5b-sfH5MO3nKSY |
8ce0 | 79 45 62 37 37 59 73 4d 37 54 4d 5a 47 45 2f 65 64 69 74 29 2e 00 09 5b 47 33 2c 5d 28 68 74 74 | yEb77YsM7TMZGE/edit)...[G3,](htt |
8d00 | 70 73 3a 2f 2f 70 65 74 73 79 6d 70 6f 73 69 75 6d 2e 6f 72 67 2f 32 30 32 31 2f 66 69 6c 65 73 | ps://petsymposium.org/2021/files |
8d20 | 2f 70 61 70 65 72 73 2f 69 73 73 75 65 32 2f 70 6f 70 65 74 73 2d 32 30 32 31 2d 30 30 32 34 2e | /papers/issue2/popets-2021-0024. |
8d40 | 70 64 66 29 00 09 5b 47 32 2c 5d 28 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 64 61 74 61 74 72 61 63 6b 65 72 2e | pdf)..[G2,](https://datatracker. |
8d60 | 69 65 74 66 2e 6f 72 67 2f 64 6f 63 2f 68 74 6d 6c 2f 64 72 61 66 74 2d 69 65 74 66 2d 74 72 61 | ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-tra |
8d80 | 6e 73 2d 67 6f 73 73 69 70 2d 30 35 29 00 09 5b 5c 5b 47 31 2c 5d 28 68 74 74 70 73 3a 2f 2f 69 | ns-gossip-05)..[\[G1,](https://i |
8da0 | 65 65 65 78 70 6c 6f 72 65 2e 69 65 65 65 2e 6f 72 67 2f 73 74 61 6d 70 2f 73 74 61 6d 70 2e 6a | eeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.j |
8dc0 | 73 70 3f 61 72 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 3d 37 33 34 36 38 35 33 29 00 6e 65 65 64 20 66 6f 72 20 72 65 | sp?arnumber=7346853).need.for.re |
8de0 | 61 63 74 69 76 65 20 67 6f 73 73 69 70 2d 61 75 64 69 74 20 70 72 6f 74 6f 63 6f 6c 73 00 54 68 | active.gossip-audit.protocols.Th |
8e00 | 65 20 61 64 64 65 64 20 6c 61 74 65 6e 63 79 20 69 73 20 61 20 74 72 61 64 65 2d 6f 66 66 20 74 | e.added.latency.is.a.trade-off.t |
8e20 | 68 61 74 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 69 66 69 65 73 20 73 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 67 69 6e 67 20 62 79 | hat.simplifies.sigsum.logging.by |
8e40 | 20 72 65 6d 6f 76 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 00 49 74 20 74 61 6b 65 73 20 66 69 76 65 20 74 6f 20 74 | .removing.the.It.takes.five.to.t |
8e60 | 65 6e 20 6d 69 6e 75 74 65 73 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 20 61 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 27 73 20 64 69 73 | en.minutes.before.a.signer's.dis |
8e80 | 74 72 69 62 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 70 68 61 73 65 20 63 61 6e 20 73 74 61 72 74 2e 00 00 74 6f 20 74 | tribution.phase.can.start...to.t |
8ea0 | 68 65 20 6c 6f 67 73 20 73 6f 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 69 67 6e 65 72 73 20 63 61 6e 20 65 61 73 69 | he.logs.so.that.signers.can.easi |
8ec0 | 6c 79 20 66 65 74 63 68 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 6e 61 6c 69 7a 65 64 20 63 6f 73 69 67 6e 65 64 20 | ly.fetch.the.finalized.cosigned. |
8ee0 | 74 72 65 65 20 68 65 61 64 73 2e 00 61 70 70 65 6e 64 2d 6f 6e 6c 79 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 20 64 | tree.heads..append-only.before.d |
8f00 | 6f 69 6e 67 20 61 20 63 6f 73 69 67 6e 61 74 75 72 65 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 20 43 | oing.a.cosignature.operation...C |
8f20 | 6f 73 69 67 6e 61 74 75 72 65 73 20 61 72 65 20 70 6f 73 74 65 64 20 62 61 63 6b 00 6c 6f 67 73 | osignatures.are.posted.back.logs |
8f40 | 20 66 6f 72 20 73 6f 2d 63 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 5f 74 6f 2d 73 69 67 6e 5f 20 74 72 65 65 20 68 65 | .for.so-called._to-sign_.tree.he |
8f60 | 61 64 73 2c 20 76 65 72 69 66 79 69 6e 67 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 79 20 61 72 65 20 66 72 65 | ads,.verifying.that.they.are.fre |
8f80 | 73 68 20 61 6e 64 00 53 69 67 73 75 6d 20 6c 6f 67 73 20 66 72 65 65 7a 65 20 61 20 74 72 65 65 | sh.and.Sigsum.logs.freeze.a.tree |
8fa0 | 20 68 65 61 64 20 65 76 65 72 79 20 66 69 76 65 20 6d 69 6e 75 74 65 73 2e 20 20 43 6f 73 69 67 | .head.every.five.minutes...Cosig |
8fc0 | 6e 69 6e 67 20 77 69 74 6e 65 73 73 65 73 20 70 6f 6c 6c 20 74 68 65 00 23 23 23 23 20 33 2e 32 | ning.witnesses.poll.the.####.3.2 |
8fe0 | 2e 33 20 2d 20 57 61 69 74 20 66 6f 72 20 77 69 74 6e 65 73 73 20 63 6f 73 69 67 6e 69 6e 67 00 | .3.-.Wait.for.witness.cosigning. |